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에틸렌시아노히드린 MSDS

3-Hydroxypropionitrile

에틸렌시아노히드린 C화학적 특성, 용도, 생산

화학적 성질

3-Hydroxypropionitrile is an aliphatic nitrile to which a hydroxyl group is attached at the ?-carbon. The nitrogen atom contains a lone pair of electrons, which is largely responsible for the polarization of the C≡N triple bond. Because of the greater electronegativity of nitrogen compared to carbon, nucleophilic compounds can attack the electrophilic carbon atom (Schaefer 1970), although the nitrogen atom is an excellent donor site for complexing with Lewis acids (Sheppard 1970). The hydroxyl functional group on the other end of the molecule is also polar; like the nitrile nitrogen, its oxygen is basic and nucleophilic. Reactions of the -OH group can involve the breaking of either of two bonds: the C-OH bond, with removal of the -OH group; or the O-H bond, with removal of -H. Either kind of reaction can involve substitution, in which a group replaces the -H or -OH, or elimination, in which a double bond is formed (Morrison and Boyd 1973). The aliphatic ethyl group separating the hydroxyl and nitrile groups, by its electron releasing inductive effect, lowers the reactivity of 3-Hydroxypropionitrile in nucleophilic addition reactions (Schaefer 1970) and stabilizes the compound. Apparently, when the hydroxyl group is in the beta position relative to the nitrile group, the compound is not readily hydrolyzed in the body to release cyanide (H?rtung 1982). When heated to decomposition, 3-Hydroxypropionitrile may produce toxic fumes of hydrogen cyanide, carbon monoxide, and nitrogen oxides (Lenga 1985). It will react with water or steam to produce toxic and flammable vapors (Sax 1984).

출처

3-Hydroxypropionitrile does not occur as a natural product. Nevertheless, it may enter natural waters because it is present in concentrations between 2000 and 4000 p.p.m. in polyacrylimide polymers (Ikeda 1978) which are used as coagulants in water and wastewater purification. 3-Hydroxypropionitrile may leach from the polymer and enter the water being treated with the coagulant. Since acrylimide polymers are generally present at concentrations up to 1 p.p.m. during water purification (Sauerhoff et al 1976), if all the 3-Hydroxypropionitrile were extracted from the polymer, the concentration in water might be as high as 4 p.p.b. Fortunately, up to 99% of the 3-Hydroxypropionitrile may be removed by treatment with activated carbon in countercurrent multistage fluidized beds (Sasaoka 1975).

용도

3-Hydroxypropionitrile has been used as polar solvent to investigate the orientation of the phospholipid at the surface of the polar solvents by neutral impact collision ion scattering spectroscopy and as a reagent for carboxyl protection in peptide synthesis. It has been used also in solid state composite electrolyte for dye-sensitized solar cells.

생산 방법

3-Hydroxypropionitrile can be prepared by reacting ethylene chlorohydrin with sodium cyanide (Kendall and McKenzie 1923; Britton et al 1941; Fukui et al 1961), by reacting ethylene oxide and hydrogen cyanide in an alkaline medium (Badische Anilin and Soda-Fabrik 1966), or by treating an aqueous solution containing 2.5 vol% acrylonitrile with an alkali catalyst (Howsmon 1962).

일반 설명

Colorless to yellow-brown liquid with a weak odor. Sinks and mixes with water.

공기와 물의 반응

Water soluble. Reacts with water and steam to emit highly toxic, flammable vapors.

반응 프로필

3-Hydroxypropionitrile reacts violently with mineral acids, amines and inorganic bases. 3-Hydroxypropionitrile also reacts violently with chlorosulfonic acid, sulfuric acid, oleum and sodium hydroxide. 3-Hydroxypropionitrile is incompatible with bases, oxidizing agents, moisture and heat. 3-Hydroxypropionitrile is corrosive to mild steel.

위험도

Toxic by ingestion.

건강위험

3-Hydroxypropionitrile is considered to be moderately hazardous by ingestion and skin contact, and slightly hazardous by inhalation (Parmeggiani 1983). Although there is no record of industrial poisoning from 3-Hydroxypropionitrile (Williams 1959), the liquid may cause eye irritation, and ingestion of the liquid may cause severe kidney damage (DeRenzo 1986). On the basis of available information, 3-Hydroxypropionitrile is not a carcinogen.

공업 용도

An 3-Hydroxypropionitrile feedstock was widely used for manufacturing acrylonitrile until an acetylene-based process began to replace it in 1953. Although the maximum use of 3-Hydroxypropionitrile to produce acrylonitrile occurred in 1963, acrylonitrile has not been produced by this route since 1970 (Cholod 1979). 3-Hydroxypropionitrile was also used in the first commercial process for manufacture of acrylic acid and acrylates. However, this route is no longer commercially significant (Cholod 1979). 3-Hydroxypropionitrile is a solvent for some cellulose esters and many inorganic salts (Stecher 1976). Basic dyes, as free base or inorganic or organic salt, are dissolved in 3-Hydroxypropionitrile to yield solutions especially useful for dyeing poly-acrylonitrile textiles (Farbenfabriken Bayer 1966). 3-Hydroxypropionitrile is added to nitrocellulose propellant compounds to provide a reasonably short cure cycle at room temperature (Lampert 1969). It is a selective washing solvent for the removal of carbon dioxide and other acidic gases from natural and process gas streams (Pure Oil Co. 1966). 3-Hydroxypropionitrile can also be used in the preparation of ?-alanine (Boatwright 1956), and has been used as a foundation fixative for road construction (Hirose et al 1980).

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공급자	전화	이메일	국가	제품 수	이점
TAIZHOU DKD CHEMICAL CO., LTD.	+8618658336633	yf.chen@tzdkdchem.com	China	134	58
Hebei Mojin Biotechnology Co., Ltd	+8613288715578	sales@hbmojin.com	China	12452	58
Capot Chemical Co.,Ltd.	571-85586718 +8613336195806	sales@capotchem.com	China	29797	60
Henan Tianfu Chemical Co.,Ltd.	+86-0371-55170693 +86-19937530512	info@tianfuchem.com	China	21695	55
Shanghai Time Chemicals CO., Ltd.	+86-021-57951555 +8617317452075	jack.li@time-chemicals.com	China	1807	55
ATK CHEMICAL COMPANY LIMITED	+undefined-21-51877795	ivan@atkchemical.com	China	32480	60
Yancheng Green Chemicals Co.,Ltd	+undefined-86-25-86655873	info@royal-chem.com	China	114	58
career henan chemical co	+86-0371-86658258	sales@coreychem.com	China	29914	58
SHANDONG ZHI SHANG CHEMICAL CO.LTD	+86 18953170293	sales@sdzschem.com	China	2931	58
Jinan Finer Chemical Co., Ltd	+86-531-88989536 +86-15508631887	sales@finerchem.com	China	2966	58

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