에탄올아민

에탄올아민 속성

에탄올아민 C화학적 특성, 용도, 생산

물성

모노에탄올아민(MEA)은 에탄올아민 그룹에 속하는 제품으로, 특히 세탁제 및 세정제의 제조 시 자주 사용됩니다.
모노에탄올아민은 에틸렌 옥시드와 암모니아의 반응을 통해 제조됩니다. 그 반응 과정에서는 디에탄올아민과 트리탄올아민이 함께 생성되는데, 이 제품들도 HELM에 의해 판매됩니다. 이 에탄올아민들은 아민과 알코올 그룹에 속하는 화합물입니다. 따라서, 이들은 양쪽 그룹에 모두 반응할 수 있는 독특한 성질을 갖습니다. 즉, 알코올 형태에서 에탄올아민들은 흡습성을 가지며 에스터 합성이 가능하고, 아민 형태에서는 약염기성을 띠며 산과 반응하여 소금과 비누를 형성합니다. 모노에탄올아민의 사용은 대부분 이러한 특성을 기반으로 한 것입니다. 산업적 용도의 모노에탄올아민은 순수 형태(농도 > 99%) 또는 다양한 농도의 수용액으로 공급됩니다. HELM은 순수 제품과 다양한 농도를 모두 포괄한 광범위한 제품 범위를 갖추고 있습니다.

용도

모노에탄올아민이 사용되는 영역은 지역에 따라 차이가 있습니다. 하지만 일반적으로는 제조량의 큰 부분이 제조자에 의해 직접 에틸렌 아민의 제조를 위한 원료로 사용되고 있습니다. 모노에탄올아민은 — 수용액 형태로 — 가스 세정(아민 세정) 시 흡수제로 자주 사용됩니다. 또한 모노에탄올아민은 목초 방부제 제조 시 그리고 세탁제 및 세정제의 계면활성제 제조 시의 화학적 중간 생성물이며, 염료 및 펄프 산업에서는 유기 용제로 사용됩니다. 그 외의 사용 영역에는 윤활제, 직물, 화장품 및 제약 성분의 제조가 포함됩니다.

개요

Monoethanolamine is contained in many products, such as metalwork fluids. It is mainly an irritant. Traces may exist in other ethanolamine fluids.

화학적 성질

Monoethanolamine is a clear, colorless or pale yellow-colored, moderately viscous liquid with a mild, ammoniacal odor. Ethanolamines can be detected by odor as low as 2-3 ppm.

물리적 성질

Colorless, viscous, hygroscopic liquid with an unpleasant, mild, ammonia-like odor. Odor threshold concentration is 2.6 ppm (quoted, Amoore and Hautala, 1983). The lowest taste threshold concentration in potable water at 40 °C was 2.4 mg/L (Alexander et al., 1982).

용도

Monoethanolamine is used as a dispersing agent for agricultural chemicals, in thesynthesis of surface-active agents, as a softening agent for hides, and in emulsifiers,polishes, and hair solutions.

생산 방법

Monoethanolamine is prepared commercially by the ammonolysis of ethylene oxide. The reaction yields a mixture of monoethanolamine, diethanolamine, and triethanolamine, which is separated to obtain the pure products. Monoethanolamine is also produced from the reaction between nitromethane and formaldehyde.

정의

ChEBI: A member of the class of ethanolamines that is ethane with an amino substituent at C-1 and a hydroxy substituent at C-2, making it both a primary amine and a primary alcohol.

일반 설명

A clear colorless liquid with an odor resembling that of ammonia. Flash point 185°F. May attack copper, brass, and rubber. Corrosive to tissue. Moderately toxic. Produces toxic oxides of nitrogen during combustion.

공기와 물의 반응

Water soluble with evolution of heat.

반응 프로필

Ethanolamine is a base. Reacts with organic acids (acetic acid, acrylic acid), inorganic acids (hydrochloric acid, hydrofluoric acid, nitric acid, sulfuric acid, chlorosulfonic acid), acetic anhydride, acrolein, acrylonitrile, cellulose, epichlorohydrin, mesityl oxide, beta-propiolactone, vinyl acetate. Emits toxic fumes of nitrogen oxides when heated to decomposition [Sax, 9th ed., 1996, p. 1498].

건강위험

Monoethanolamine causes severe irritationof the eyes and mild to moderate irritationof the skin. The pure liquid caused rednessand swelling when applied to rabbits’ skin.The acute oral toxicity of this compound waslow in animals. The toxic symptoms includedsomnolence, lethargy, muscle contraction,and respiratory distress. The oral LD50 valuesshowed a wide variation with species.
LD50 value, oral (rabbits): 1000 mg/kg
Monoethanolamine showed reproductive tox icity when administered at a dose of850 mg/kg/day, causing 16% mortality topregnant animals (Environmental HealthResearch and Testing 1987). This study alsoindicated that monoethanolamine reduced thenumber of viable litters but had no effect onlitter size, the birth weight, or percentage sur vival of the pups.

화재위험

Special Hazards of Combustion Products: Irritating vapors generated when heated.

Pharmaceutical Applications

Monoethanolamine is used primarily in pharmaceutical formulations for buffering purposes and in the preparation of emulsions. Other uses include as a solvent for fats and oils and as a stabilizing agent in an injectable dextrose solution of phenytoin sodium.
Monoethanolamine is also used to produce a variety of salts with therapeutic uses. For example, a salt of monoethanolamine with vitamin C is used for intramuscular injection, while the salicylate and undecenoate monoethanolamine salts are utilized respectively in the treatment of rheumatism and as an antifungal agent. However, the most common therapeutic use of monoethanolamine is in the production of ethanolamine oleate injection, which is used as a sclerosing agent.

색상 색인 번호

Monoethanolamine is contained in many products, such as metalworking fluids. It is mainly an irritant. Traces may exist in other ethanolamine fluids.

Safety Profile

Poison by intraperitoneal route. Moderately toxic by ingestion, skin contact, subcutaneous, intravenous, and intramuscular routes. A corrosive irritant to skin, eyes, and mucous membranes. Human mutation data reported. Flammable when exposed to heat or flame. A powerful base. Reacts violently with acetic acid, acetic anhydride, acrolein, acrylic acid, acrylonitrile, cellulose, chlorosulfonic acid, epichlorohydrin, HCl, HF, mesityl oxide, HNO3, oleum, H2SO4, p-propiolactone, vinyl acetate. To fight fire, use foam, alcohol foam, dry chemical. When heated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes of NOx. See also AMINES

Safety

Monoethanolamine is an irritant, caustic material, but when it is used in neutralized parenteral and topical pharmaceutical formulations it is not usually associated with adverse effects, although hypersensitivity reactions have been reported. Monoethanolamine salts are generally regarded as being less toxic than monoethanolamine.
LD₅₀ (mouse, IP): 0.05 g/kg
LD₅₀ (mouse, oral): 0.7 g/kg
LD₅₀ (rabbit, skin): 1.0 g/kg
LD₅₀ (rat, IM): 1.75 g/kg
LD₅₀ (rat, IP): 0.07 g/kg
LD₅₀ (rat, IV): 0.23 g/kg
LD₅₀ (rat, oral): 1.72 g/kg
LD₅₀ (rat, SC): 1.5 g/kg

잠재적 노출

Monoethanolamine is widely used in industry for scrubbing acid gases and in production of detergents and alkanolamide surfactants; to remove carbon dioxide and hydrogen from natural gas, to remove hydrogen sulfide and carbonyl sulfide; as an alkaline conditioning agent; as an intermediate for soaps, detergents, dyes, and textile agents. Diethanolamine is an absorbent for gases; a solubilizer for 2,4- dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D); and a softener and emulsifier intermediate for detergents. It also finds use in the dye and textile industry. Triethanolamine is used as plasticizers, neutralizer for alkaline dispersions; lubricant additive; corrosion inhibitor; and in the manufacture of soaps, detergents, shampoos, shaving preparations; face and hand creams; cements, cutting oils, insecticides, surface active agents; waxes, polishes, and herbicides.

환경귀착

Biological. Bridié et al. (1979) reported BOD and COD values of 0.93 and 1.28 g/g using filtered effluent from a biological sanitary waste treatment plant. These values were determined using a standard dilution method at 20 °C for a period of 5 d. Similarly, Heukelekian and Rand (1955) reported a 5-d BOD value of 0.85 g/g which is 65.0% of the ThOD value of 1.31 g/g.
Chemical/Physical. Aqueous chlorination of ethanolamine at high pH produced Nchloroethanolamine, which slowly degraded to unidentified products (Antelo et al., 1981).
At an influent concentration of 1,012 mg/L, treatment with GAC resulted in an effluent concentration of 939 mg/L. The adsorbability of the carbon used was 15 mg/g carbon (Guisti et al., 1974).

저장

Monoethanolamine is very hygroscopic and is unstable when exposed to light. Aqueous monoethanolamine solutions may be sterilized by autoclaving.
When monoethanolamine is stored in large quantities, stainless steel is preferable for long-term storage. Copper, copper alloys, zinc, and galvanized iron are corroded by amines and should not be used for construction of storage containers. Ethanolamines readily absorb moisture and carbon dioxide from the air; they also react with carbon dioxide. This can be prevented by sealing the monoethanolamine under an inert gas. Smaller quantities of monoethanolamine should be stored in an airtight container, protected from light, in a cool, dry place.

운송 방법

UN2491 Ethanol amine or Ethanolamine solutions, Hazard class: 8; Labels: 8-Corrosive material.

비 호환성

Monoethanolamine contains both a hydroxy group and a primary amine group and will thus undergo reactions characteristic of both alcohols and amines. Ethanolamines will react with acids to form salts and esters. Discoloration and precipitation will take place in the presence of salts of heavy metals. Monoethanolamine reacts with acids, acid anhydrides, acid chlorides, and esters to form amide derivatives, and with propylene carbonate or other cyclic carbonates to give the corresponding carbonates.
As a primary amine, monoethanolamine will react with aldehydes and ketones to yield aldimines and ketimines. Additionally, monoethanolamine will react with aluminum, copper, and copper alloys to form complex salts. A violent reaction will occur with acrolein, acrylonitrile, epichlorohydrin, propiolactone, and vinyl acetate.

폐기물 처리

Controlled incineration; incinerator equipped with a scrubber or thermal unit to reduce nitrogen oxides emissions

Regulatory Status

Included in parenteral and nonparenteral medicines licensed in the UK and USA. Included in the Canadian List of Acceptable Nonmedicinal Ingredients.

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에탄올아민 공급 업체

공급자	전화	이메일	국가	제품 수	이점
Henan Fengda Chemical Co., Ltd	+86-371-86557731 +86-13613820652	info@fdachem.com	China	7377	58
Capot Chemical Co.,Ltd.	571-85586718 +8613336195806	sales@capotchem.com	China	29797	60
Henan Tianfu Chemical Co.,Ltd.	+86-0371-55170693 +86-19937530512	info@tianfuchem.com	China	21695	55
Hangzhou FandaChem Co.,Ltd.	008657128800458; +8615858145714	fandachem@gmail.com	China	9352	55
ATK CHEMICAL COMPANY LIMITED	+undefined-21-51877795	ivan@atkchemical.com	China	32480	60
Hefei TNJ Chemical Industry Co.,Ltd.	+86-0551-65418679 +86-18949832763	info@tnjchem.com	China	2989	55
career henan chemical co	+86-0371-86658258	sales@coreychem.com	China	29914	58
SHANDONG ZHI SHANG CHEMICAL CO.LTD	+86 18953170293	sales@sdzschem.com	China	2931	58
Hubei Jusheng Technology Co.,Ltd.	18871490254	linda@hubeijusheng.com	CHINA	28180	58
Jinan Finer Chemical Co., Ltd	+86-531-88989536 +86-15508631887	sales@finerchem.com	China	2966	58

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