사카린

사카린 속성

사카린 MSDS

1,2-Benzisothiazol-3(2H)-one 1,1-dioxide

사카린 C화학적 특성, 용도, 생산

화학적 성질

Saccharin is a crystalline solid with a sweet taste (500 times sweeter than sugar).

용도

It is a non-nutritive sweetener; pharmaceutic aid (flavor). Saccharin was formerly listed as reasonably anticipated to be a human carcinogen; delisted because the cancer data are not sufficient to meet the current criteria for this listing.

제조 방법

Saccharin is synthesized using two methods: the Remsen-Fahlberg process and the Maumee or Sherwin-Williams method. The Remsen-Fahlberg synthesis of saccharin starts by reacting toluene with chlorosulfonic acid to give ortho and para forms of toluene-sulfonic acid (Figure 78.1). The acid can be converted to sulfonyl chlorides by treating with phosphorus pentachloride. The ortho form, o-toluene-sulfonyl chloride, is treated with ammonia to give o-toluene-sulfonamide, which is then oxidized with potassium permanganate to produce o-sulfamido-benzoic acid. On heating, the latter yields saccharin. Another synthesis was developed at Maumee Chemical Company in Toledo, Ohio, and it came to be known as the Maumee process. This process starts with phthalic anhydride, which is converted into anthranilic acid. Anthranilic acid is then reacted with nitrous acid, sulfur dioxide, chlorine, and ammonia to give saccharin. The Maumee process was further refi ned by the Sherwin-Williams Company and is therefore now referred to as the Sherwin-Williams process.

정의

saccharin: A white crystalline solid,C₇H₅NO₃S, m.p. 224°C. It is madefrom a compound of toluene, derivedfrom petroleum or coal tar. It is awell-known artificial sweetener,being some 500 times as sweet assugar (sucrose), and is usually marketedas its sodium salt. Because ofan association with cancer in laboratoryanimals, its use is restricted insome countries.

생산 방법

Saccharin is prepared from toluene by a series of reactions known as the Remsen–Fahlberg method. Toluene is first reacted with chlorosulfonic acid to form o-toluenesulfonyl chloride, which is reacted with ammonia to form the sulfonamide. The methyl group is then oxidized with dichromate, yielding o-sulfamoylbenzoic acid, which forms the cyclic imide saccharin when heated.
An alternative method involves a refined version of the Maumee process. Methyl anthranilate is initially diazotized to form 2- carbomethoxybenzenediazonium chloride; sulfonation followed by oxidation then yields 2-carbomethoxybenzenesulfonyl chloride. Amidation of this material, followed by acidification, forms insoluble acid saccharin.

일반 설명

White crystals. Odorless or faintly aromatic odor. Sweet taste.

공기와 물의 반응

Slightly soluble in water.

반응 프로필

An amide. Acid to litmus. pH of 0.35% aqueous solution: 2.0. Organic amides/imides react with azo and diazo compounds to generate toxic gases. Flammable gases are formed by the reaction of organic amides/imides with strong reducing agents. Amides are very weak bases (weaker than water). Imides are less basic yet and in fact react with strong bases to form salts. That is, they can react as acids. Mixing amides with dehydrating agents such as P2O5 or SOCl2 generates the corresponding nitrile. The combustion of these compounds generates mixed oxides of nitrogen (NOx).

위험도

A questionable carcinogen. Products con- taining it must have a warning label.

화재위험

Flash point data for Saccharin are not available; however, Saccharin is probably combustible.

Pharmaceutical Applications

Saccharin is an intense sweetening agent used in beverages, food products, table-top sweeteners, and oral hygiene products such as toothpastes and mouthwashes. In oral pharmaceutical formulations, it is used at a concentration of 0.02–0.5% w/w. It has been used in chewable tablet formulations as a sweetening agent.
Saccharin has been used to form various pharmaceutical cocrystals. Saccharin can be used to mask some unpleasant taste characteristics or to enhance flavor systems. Its sweetening power is approximately 300–600 times that of sucrose.

Safety Profile

Confirmed carcinogen withexperimental neoplastigenic and tumorigenic data. Mildacute toxicity by ingestion. Experimental teratogenic andreproductive effects. Mutation data reported. Whenheated to decomposition it emits toxic NOx and SOx.

잠재적 노출

The information provided has to do, primarily, with the manufacturing of saccharin. Saccharin has been used as a nonnutritive sweetening agent. At one point the United States consumption pattern for all forms of saccharin has been estimated as 45% in soft drinks; 18% in tabletop sweeteners; 14% in fruits, juices, sweets, chew- ing gum, and jellies; 10% in cosmetics and oral hygiene products; 7% in drugs, such as coating on pills; 2% in tobacco; 2% in electroplating; and 2% for miscellaneous uses. Human exposure to saccharin occurs primarily through ingestion because of its use in many dietic foods and drinks and some personal hygiene products, including toothpastes and mouthwashes. The general public is exposed to saccharin, especially by persons required to reduce sugar intake.

저장

Saccharin is stable under the normal range of conditions employed in formulations. In the bulk form it shows no detectable decomposition and only when it is exposed to a high temperature (125°C) at a low pH (pH 2) for over 1 hour does significant decomposition occur. The decomposition product formed is (ammonium-o-sulfo)benzoic acid, which is not sweet. The aqueous stability of saccharin is excellent.
Saccharin should be stored in a well-closed container in a dry place.

운송 방법

UN3077 Environmentally hazardous substances, solid, n.o.s., Hazard class: 9; Labels: 9-Miscellaneous haz- ardous material, Technical Name Required.

Purification Methods

Purify saccharin by recrystallisation from Me2CO [solubility 7.14% at 0o, 14.4% at 50o], or aqueous isoPrOH to give a fluorescent solution. It sublimes in vacuo. It is an artificial sweetner and is 500 times sweeter than sucrose. [DeGarmo et al. J Am Pharm Assoc (Sci Ed) 41 17 1952, Beilstein 27 H 168, 870, 27 I 266, 27 II 214, 27 III/IV 2649.]

비 호환성

Saccharin can react with large molecules, resulting in a precipitate being formed. It does not undergo Maillard browning.

폐기물 처리

Consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices. Generators of waste containing this contami- nant (≥100 kg/mo) must conform to EPA regulations governing storage, transportation, treatment, and waste disposal.

Regulatory Status

Accepted for use as a food additive in Europe. Note that the EU number ‘E954’ is applied to both saccharin and saccharin salts. Included in the FDA Inactive Ingredients Database (oral solutions, syrups, tablets, and topical preparations). Included in nonparenteral medicines licensed in the UK. Included in the Canadian List of Acceptable Non-medicinal Ingredients.

사카린 준비 용품 및 원자재

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사카린 공급 업체

공급자	전화	이메일	국가	제품 수	이점
Hebei Jingbo New Material Technology Co., Ltd	+8619931165850	hbjbtech@163.com	China	1000	58
Wuhan Fortuna Chemical Co., Ltd	+86-27-59207850 +86-13986145403	info@fortunachem.com	China	5988	58
Henan Fengda Chemical Co., Ltd	+86-371-86557731 +86-13613820652	info@fdachem.com	China	7845	58
airuikechemical co., ltd.	+undefined86-15315557071	sales02@airuikechemical.com	China	994	58
Hebei Saisier Technology Co., LTD	+86-18400010335 +86-13102810335	admin@hbsaisier.cn	China	747	58
Beijing Cooperate Pharmaceutical Co.,Ltd	010-60279497	sales01@cooperate-pharm.com	CHINA	1811	55
Henan Tianfu Chemical Co.,Ltd.	+86-0371-55170693 +86-19937530512	info@tianfuchem.com	China	21691	55
ATK CHEMICAL COMPANY LIMITED	+undefined-21-51877795	ivan@atkchemical.com	China	32480	60
career henan chemical co	+86-0371-86658258	sales@coreychem.com	China	29914	58
Hubei Jusheng Technology Co.,Ltd.	18871490254	linda@hubeijusheng.com	CHINA	28180	58

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