아크롤레인 C화학적 특성, 용도, 생산
물성
아크롤레인은 무색 투명한 가연성 휘발성 및 휘발성 액체이며 자극이 강하며 증기는 강한 인열 특성을 나타냅니다. 물의 2 ~ 3 배에 용해되며 알코올, 에테르 및 아세톤에 용해된다.
화학 반응
은 산화제와 격렬하게 반응 할 수 있습니다. 소량의 산 (이산화황 포함), 알칼리, 휘발성 아민 및 피리딘, 염, 티오 우레아, 산화제 (공기) 및 빛과 열에 노출시 발열 반응을 일으 킵니다. 현혹 된 유도 기간 후에 아민 및 피리딘에 의해 개시된 중합이 일어난다. Ir, Pt, Ti, Zr 및 Pd와 같은 다른 전이 금속도 효과적이다. 다수의 불포화 화합물은 적절한 키랄 리간드와 관련된 금속 촉매를 사용하여 우수한 ee에서 수소화 될 수있다.
개요
Acrolein 간단한 불포화 알 데히드 이다. 그것은 피어 싱, 비위, 매운 냄새를 가진 무색 액체 입니다. (때 해당 연기 포인트는 열은 식용 유)로 탄 지방의 냄새는 레코딩 지방에 침입에 acrolein 글리세롤에 의해 발생 합니다. 프로필 렌에서 산업 상 생산 고 에서는 및 빌딩 블록 다른 화합물, 아미노산 메티오닌 등을 주로 사용.
용도
Acrolein 는 살충제에 imidacloprid 생산에서 주로 사용 농약 산업 , dibromopropanal 제약 산업 , 에에서 피드 첨가제 메티오닌. 또한, allylthiourea, 약, 향신료, 합성 글 리세 린에 대 한 중요 한 중간, 등.
Acrolein 아크릴 코팅 ;에서 사용할 수 있습니다. 그것은 원료 생산 dialdehyde 및 가교 에이전트; 또한 콜 로이드 오스뮴, 루 테 늄로 듐; 생산에 사용 Imidacloprid (농업 농약) 생산을 위한 중요 한 중간입니다. ISO 탱크 11.7mt는 형성 및 막힘.
포장, 보관 및 운송
CLASS 3: 가연성 액체. 클래스 6.1: 유독한 물자입니다.
저장소 분리 및 승인 된 지역에서. 멋진, 통풍이 잘되는 지역.
계속 콘테이너 긴밀 하 게 폐쇄에 컨테이너를 유지 하 고 사용.
에 대 한 준비까지 봉인
점화 스파크 (불꽃)의 모든 가능한 소스를 피하십시오. efrigerate입니다. 빛에 민감한.
개요
The first time that acrolein was produced as a commercial
product was in the 1930s through the vapor-phase condensation
of acetaldehyde and formaldehyde. Another method was
developed in the 1940s, which involved the vapor-phase
oxidation of propylene. In the 1960s, some advances were
found in propylene oxidation process by the introduction of
bismuth molybdate-based catalysis, and that became the
primary method used for the commercial production of acrolein.
Some bioproducts formed for this reaction are acrylic acid,
carbon oxides, acetaldehyde, acetic acid, formaldehyde, and
polyacrolein. In World War I, it was used as a chemical weapon
(pulmonary irritant and lachrymatory agent). Commercial
acrolein contains 95.5% or more of the compound, the main
impurities being water (<3.0% by weight) and other carbonyl
compounds (<1.5% by weight), mainly propanol and acetone.
Hydroquinone is added as an inhibitor of polymerization
(0.1–0.25% by weight).
화학적 성질
Acrolein is a highly flammable, clear to yellowish liquid. It has a piercing, disagreeable odor and causes tears.
물리적 성질
Colorless to yellow, clear, watery liquid imparting a very sharp, acrid, pungent, or irritating odor.
Odor threshold concentrations reported were 0.11 mg/kg by Guadagni et al. (1963), 0.21 ppm
v by
Leonardos et al. (1969), and 36 ppb
v by Nagata and Takeuchi (1990). In addition, Katz and Talbert
(1930) reported an experimental detection odor threshold concentration of 4.1 mg/m
3 (1.8 ppm
v).
용도
Acrolein is used in the synthesis of acrylic acid. manufacture of colloidal forms of metals; making plastics, perfumes; warning agent in methyl chloride refrigerant. Has been used in military poison gas mixtures. Used in organic syntheses. Aquatic herbicide.
정의
A colorless liquid unsaturated aldehyde with a pungent odor. It can
be polymerized to make acrylate resins.
공기와 물의 반응
Highly flammable. A dangerous fire risk [Hawley]. Water soluble. Reacts slowly and exothermically with water to give 3-hydroxypropionaldehyde. A hazard can develop from this reaction if acrolein is stored over a layer of water.
반응 프로필
ACROLEIN, [INHIBITED] can react violently with oxidizing agents. Polymerizes exothermically on contact with small amounts of acids (including sulfur dioxide), alkalis, volatile amines and pyridines, salts, thiourea, oxidizing agents (air) and on exposure to light and heat. Polymerization initiated by amines and pyridines occurs after a deceptive induction period. Water solutions of mineral acids and metal ions can initiate polymerization. The inhibitor (usually hydroquinone) greatly reduces tendency to polymerize. Undergoes Diels-Alder reaction with itself to give acrolein dimer. This can become a runaway reaction at 90°C [Kirk-Othmer, 4th Ed, Vol. 1]. Mixing in equal molar portions with any of the following substances in a closed container caused the temperature and pressure to increase: 2-aminoethanol, ammonium hydroxide, chlorosulfonic acid, ethylenediamine, ethyleneimine [NFPA 1991].
화재위험
Under fire conditions, polymerization may occur. If inside a container, violent rupture of the container may take place. When heated to decomposition, Acrolein emits highly toxic fumes. Alkalis or strong acids act as catalysts, causing a condensation reaction and liberating energy. Reaction may be very rapid and violent. Readily converted by oxygen to hazardous peroxides and acids. Unstable, avoid exposure to alkalis, strong acids, oxygen, elevated temperatures, such as fire conditions. (Polymerization inside container could cause violent rupture of container under fire conditions.)
인화성 및 폭발성
Acrolein is a highly flammable liquid (NFPA rating = 3) and its vapor can travel a
considerable distance and "flash back." Acrolein vapor forms explosive mixtures
with air at concentrations of 2.8 to 31% (by volume). Carbon dioxide or dry
chemical extinguishers should be used for acrolein fires.
Safety Profile
Human poison by inhalation and intradermal routes. Poison experimentally by most routes. Human systemic irritant and pulmonary system effects by inhalation include: lachrymation, delayed hypersensitivity with multiple organ involvement, and respiratory system damage. Severe eye and skin irritant. Experimental reproductive effects. Human mutation data reported. Questionable carcinogen. Dangerous fire hazard when exposed to heat, flame, or oxidizers. An explosion hazard. Incompatible with amines, SO2, metal salts, oxidants, (light + heat). Violent polymerization reaction on contact with strong acid, strong base, weak acid conditions (e.g., nitrous fumes, sulfur dioxide, carbon dioxide), thiourea, or dimethylamine. When heated to decomposition it emits highly toxic fumes; can react vigorously with oxidizing materials. To fight fire, use CO2, dry chemical, or alcohol foam,
잠재적 노출
Used as pharmaceutical; slimicide; and in production of cosmetics and food supplements; as an intermediate in the production of glycerine and in the production of methionine analogs (poultry feed protein supplements). It is also used in chemical synthesis (1,3,6-hexametriol and glutaraldehyde); as a liquid fuel; antimicrobial agent, in algae and aquatic weed control; and as a slimicide in paper manufacture; making plastics, drugs, and tear gas. Also, most allyl compounds may be metabolized to allyl alcohol which is metabolized to acrolein.
Carcinogenicity
Acrolein is a reactive intermediate
of the commonly used chemotherapeutic drugs cyclophosphamide
and ifosphamide. Acrolein-modified
DNA was found in human peripheral blood lymphocytes
from cancer patients previously treated with cyclophosphamide
(a chemotherapeutic), but no association was
found for cyclophosphamine. Acrolein has a classification
of C, possible human carcinogen, based on limited
animal carcinogenicity data and paucity of human evidence
for this effect.
신진 대사 경로
When fish are exposed to 14C-acrolein, the
metabolites are identified from the edible tissues and
there is very little similarity in the metabolism of
acrolein among the test species. The most notable
observation is that acrolein is never detected in any
tissues sampled, and glycidol, glycerol, 1,3-
propanediol, and glyceric acid are the major
metabolites found in catfish, crayfish, bluegill, and
clams, respectively.
저장
Work with acrolein
should be conducted in a fume hood to prevent exposure by inhalation, and splash
goggles and butyl rubber gloves should be worn at all times to prevent eye and skin
contact. Acrolein should be used only in areas free of ignition sources. Containers of
acrolein should be stored in secondary containers in areas separate from amines,
oxidizers, acids, and bases.
운송 방법
Acrolein, stabilized, Hazard class: 6.1; Labels: 6.1-Poison Inhalation Hazard, 3-Flammable liquids. Inhalation Hazard Zone A.
Purification Methods
Purify acrolein by fractional distillation, under nitrogen, drying with anhydrous CaSO4 and then distilling under vacuum. Blacet, Young and Roof [J Am Chem Soc 59 608 1937] distilled it under nitrogen through a 90cm column packed with glass rings. To avoid formation of diacryl, the vapour is passed through an ice-cooled condenser into a receiver cooled in an ice-salt mixture and containing 0.5g catechol. The acrolein is then distilled twice from anhydrous CuSO4 at low pressure, catechol being placed in the distilling flask and the receiver to avoid polymerization. [Alternatively, hydroquinone (1% of the final solution) can be used.] [Beilstein 1 IV 3435.]
비 호환성
May form explosive mixture with air. Elevated temperatures or sunlight may cause explosive polymerization. A strong reducing agent; reacts violently with oxidizers (chlorates, nitrates, peroxides, permanganates, perchlorates, chlorine, bromine, fluorine, etc.); contact may cause fires or explosions. Keep away from alkaline materials, strong bases, strong acids, oxoacids, epoxides. Polymerizes exothermically on contact with small amounts of acids (including sulfur dioxide), alkalis, volatile amines and pyridines, salts, thiourea, oxidizing agents (air) and on exposure to light, and heat. Polymerization initiated by amines and pyridines occurs after a deceptive induction period. Water solutions of mineral acids and metal ions can initiate polymerization. The inhibitor (usually hydroquinone) greatly reduces tendency to polymerize. Reacts with acids, alkalis, ammonia, amines, oxygenperoxides. Shock-sensitive peroxides or acids may be formed over time. Attacks zinc and cadmium
폐기물 처리
Consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices. Generators of waste containing this contaminant (≥100 kg/mo) must conform with EPA regulations governing storage, transportation, treatment, and waste disposal. Incineration. Conditions are 816 C, 0.5 second minimum for primary combustion; 1093 C, 1.0 second for secondary combustion.
아크롤레인 준비 용품 및 원자재
원자재
준비 용품
