수산화칼륨

수산화칼륨 속성

수산화칼륨 C화학적 특성, 용도, 생산

물성

• 백색 편상의 고체; • 강알칼리성으로 부식성이 있슴; • 피부 노출 시 서서히 침투하여 심각한 장애 유발.

개요

수산화 이온(OH-)을 지녀 물에 녹이면 염기성을 띤다. 흰색 고체로 조해성이 강해서 그냥 공기중에 두면 스스로 녹아 꾸덕꾸덕 해진다. 염화칼륨을 전기 분해해서 얻을 수 있다. 플러스 극에 흑연을 마이너스 극에 철을 이용하는 격막법과, 플러스 극에 흑연을 마이너스 극에 수은을 사용하는 수은법이 있다. 식물을 태운 재에 많이 들어 있어 여기서 칼륨의 이름이 유래되었다.

용도

이산화탄소를 흡수하면 탄산칼륨이 된다. 조해성과 더불어 수산화칼륨의 성상을 바꿔버리는 요소기 때문에 수산화칼륨은 보관에 주의를 기울인다. 발열반응을 보이며 물에 녹는다. 물론 이 특성을 이용해 이산화탄소 흡수제로 사용할 수 있다.

용도

각종칼륨화합물, 칼륨유리의 원료, 비누, 염료, 의약품, 분석시약, 알칼리전지, 텔레프탈산(폴리에스테르 섬유의 원료), 표백제, 제설제, 환자용식품, LCD/Wafer 세정제 및 에칭용, ABS/SBR 등 합성수지 중합 반응제, 농약, 콘크리트 혼화제 등

순도시험

  (1) 용상 : 이 품목 1g을 물 20mL에 녹일 때, 그 액은 무색으로서 징명하여야 한다.

  (2) 탄산칼륨 : 정량법에서 얻은 탄산칼륨(K₂CO₃)의 함량은 3.5% 이하이어야 한다.

  (3) 비소 : 이 품목을 비소시험법에 따라 시험할 때, 그 양은 4.0ppm 이하이어야 한다.

  (4) 납 : 「메타인산나트륨」의 순도시험 (2)에 따라 시험한다(2.0ppm 이하).

  (5) 수은 : 이 품목 2g을 물 10mL에 녹이고 이에 과망간산칼륨용액(3→50) 1mL 및 물 약 30mL를 가해 흔들어 섞는다. 이 액에 정제염산을 서서히 가하여 중화하고 다시 황산(1→2) 5mL를 가하고 식힌 다음 이를 시험용액으로 한다. 다음 시험용액중의 과망간산칼륨의 자색이 없어지고 또 이산화망간의 침전이 녹을 때까지 염산히드록실아민용액(1→5)을 가한 다음 물을 가하여 100mL로 하고 원자흡광분석장치의 검수병에 넣는다. 다시 염화제일주석시액 10mL를 가하고 즉시 원자흡광분석장치를 연결하고 다이야푸람펌프를 작용시켜 공기를 순환시켜 기록계의 지시가 급속히 상승하여 일정치를 나타낼 때의 흡광도는 수은표준용액 2mL, 과망간산칼륨용액(3→50) 1mL, 물 약 30mL 및 시험용액처리에 사용한 양의 정제염산을 가하여 검체와 같이 조작하여 얻은 흡광도보다 커서는 아니 된다(0.1ppm 이하).

확인시험

  (1) 이 품목의 수용액(1→50)은 강알칼리성이다.

  (2) 이 품목의 수용액(1→25)은 확인시험법 중 칼륨염의 반응을 나타낸다.

정량법

  이 품목 약 50g을 정밀히 달아 새로 끓여 식힌 물에 녹여 1,000mL로 하여 시험용액으로 한다. 그 중 25mL에 새로 끓여서 식힌 물 10mL를 가하고 브로모페놀블루시액 1mL를 지시약으로 하여 1N 염산으로 적정하여 중화점에 달하면 다시 1N 염산 약 1mL를 더 가하여 약 5분간 끓인 다음 식히고 0.1N 수산화나트륨용액으로 과잉의 산을 적정하여 1N 염산의 소비량 AmL를 구한다. 따로 시험용액 25mL를 공전플라스크에 취하여 새로 끓여서 식힌 물 25mL를 가하고 염화바륨시액 10mL를 가하여 마개를 막고 조용히 흔들어 섞어 페놀프탈레인시액 1mL를 지시약으로 하여 1N 염산으로 적정하고 그 소비량을 BmL로 한다.

화학적 성질

Potassium hydroxide occurs as a white or nearly white fused mass. It is available in small pellets, flakes, sticks and other shapes or forms. It is hard and brittle and shows a crystalline fracture. Potassium hydroxide is hygroscopic and deliquescent; on exposure to air, it rapidly absorbs carbon dioxide and water with the formation of potassium carbonate. Soluble in water, alcohol, glycerol; slightly soluble in ether.

생산 방법

Potassium hydroxide is made by the electrolysis of potassium chloride. Commercial grades may contain chlorides as well as other impurities.

Indications

Potassium hydroxide (KOH) is a strong alkali that digests proteins and epidermal debris. In one study, 10% solution was applied b.i.d. to each lesion for 30 days with excellent clearance. The side effects included stinging of the lesion and one case of secondary infection. Also reported were the occurrence of a hypertrophic scar as well as some persistent or transitory hyper- and hypopigmentation. The same authors who used the 5% KOH solution completed further studies and they found it to be as effective-yet with decreased side effects.

주요 응용

Potassium hydroxide is used as an emulsifier in lotions and as an alkali in liquid soaps, protective creams, and shaving preparations. Depending on the concentration used, it can be highly irritating to the skin and/or cause a burning sensation. It is used in making potassium salts, in electroplatingand lithography, in printing inks, as a mordantfor wood, and finds wide applicationsin organic syntheses and chemical analyses.

일반 설명

A white solid. Corrosive to metals and tissue. Used in soap manufacture, bleach, as an electrolyte in alkaline batteries, and as a food additive.

공기와 물의 반응

Hydrolysis generates enough heat to ignite adjacent combustible material [Haz. Chem. Data 1966]. Dissolves in water (with liberation of heat, may steam and spatter. Solution is basic (alkaline). Deliquescent

반응 프로필

POTASSIUM HYDROXIDE absorbs moisture readily forming caustic solution that attacks aluminum and zinc. A piece of potassium hydroxide causes liquid chlorine dioxide to explode [Mellor 2:289. 1946-47]. 1,2-dichloroethylene and potassium hydroxide forms chloroacetylene, which is explosive and spontaneously flammable in air. Potassium hydroxide is highly toxic [Rutledge 1968. p. 134]. A reaction between n-nitrosomethylurea and potassium hydroxide in n-butyl ether resulted in an explosion due to the formation of diazomethane [Schwab 1972]. Potassium persulfate and a little potassium hydroxide and water ignited a polythene (polyethylene) liner of a container by release of heat and oxygen [MCA Case History 1155. 1955]. Using potassium hydroxide to dry impure tetrahydrofuran, which contains peroxides, may be hazardous. Explosions have occurred in the past. Sodium hydroxide behaves in a similar way as potassium hydroxide [NSC Newsletter Chem. Soc. 1967]. A strong base. Forms caustic solution in water. [Merck 11th ed. 1989].

건강위험

Toxic by ingestion and inhalation, strong caustic, handle with gloves or tongs, corrosive to tissue. Eye, skin and upper respiratory tract irritant.
Potassium hydroxide is a strongly alkaline, hydrophilic substance and therefore solid potassium hydroxide is highly corrosive. It reacts with fat and can cause irreversible damage to any site of contact with the body (for example skin or eyes). Solutions of potassium hydroxide in water at concentrations above 0.5% (w/w) are irritating at points of contact and, at higher concentrations, the solutions can be corrosive. Potassium hydroxide does not cause skin allergies. Because of the corrosive properties of potassium hydroxide, its ingestion can be fatal. Under normal conditions of handling and use, potassium hydroxide in solution will dissociate into its constituent ions and, if ingested, will not be systemically available in the body as such.

화재위험

Non-combustible, substance itself does not burn but may decompose upon heating to produce corrosive and/or toxic fumes. Some are oxidizers and may ignite combustibles (wood, paper, oil, clothing, etc.). Contact with metals may evolve flammable hydrogen gas. Containers may explode when heated.

인화성 및 폭발성

Sodium hydroxide and potassium hydroxide are not flammable as solids or aqueous solutions.

Pharmaceutical Applications

Potassium hydroxide is widely used in pharmaceutical formulations to adjust the pH of solutions. It can also be used to react with weak acids to form salts.
Therapeutically, potassium hydroxide is used in various dermatological applications.

Safety Profile

Poison by ingestion. An eye irritant and severe human skin irritant. Very corrosive to the eyes, skin, and mucous membranes. Mutation data reported. Ingestion may cause violent pain in throat and epigastrium, hematemesis, collapse. Stricture of esophagus may result if substance is not immedately fatal. Above 84' it reacts with reducing sugars to form poisonous carbon monoxide gas. Violent, exothermic reaction with water. Potentially explosive reaction with bromoform + crown ethers, chlorine dioxide, nitrobenzene, nitromethane, nitrogen trichloride, peroxidized tetrahydrofuran, 2,4,6- trinitrotoluene. Reaction with ammonium hexachloroplatinate(2-) + heat forms a heat- sensitive explosive product. Violent reaction or ignition under the appropriate condtions with acids, alcohols, p-bis(l,3- dbromoethyl)benzene, cyclopentadene, germanium, hyponitrous acid, maleic anhydride, nitroalkanes, 2-nitrophenol, potassium peroxodisulfate, sugars, 2,2,3,3- tetrafluoropropanol, thorium dicarbide. When heated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes of K2O. See also SODIUM HYDROXIDE.

Safety

Potassium hydroxide is widely used in the pharmaceutical and food industries and is generally regarded as a nontoxic material at low concentrations. At high concentrations it is a corrosive irritant to the skin, eyes, and mucous membranes.
(rat, oral): 0.273 g/kg

잠재적 노출

KOH is generally used as an alkali and in the manufacture of other potassium compounds.

저장

splash goggles and impermeable gloves should be worn at all times when handling these substances to prevent eye and skin contact. Operations with metal hydroxide solutions that have the potential to create aerosols should be conducted in a fume hood to prevent exposure by inhalation. NaOH and KOH generate considerable heat when dissolved in water; when mixing with water, always add caustics slowly to the water and stir continuously. Never add water in limited quantities to solid hydroxides. Potassium hydroxide should be stored in an airtight, nonmetallic container in a cool, dry place, separated from acids and incompatible substances.

운송 방법

UN1814 (solution) & UN1813 (solid); Potassium hydroxide, solid or solution, Hazard class: 8; Labels: 8-Corrosive material.

Purification Methods

Its carbonate content can be reduced by rinsing KOH sticks rapidly with water prior to dissolving them in boiled out distilled water. Alternatively, a slight excess of saturated BaCl2 or Ba(OH)2 can be added to the solution which, after shaking well, is set aside so that the BaCO3 is allowed to separate out. Davies and Nancollas [Nature 165 237 1950] rendered KOH solutions carbonate free by ion exchange using a column of Amberlite IR-100 in the OH-form.

비 호환성

Potassium hydroxide is a strong base and is incompatible with any compound that readily undergoes hydrolysis or oxidation. Violent reaction with acids, alcohols, water, metals (when wet), halogenated hydrocarbons; maleic anhydride. Heat is generated if KOH comes in contact with water and carbon dioxide from the air. It should not be stored in glass or aluminum containers, Corrosive to zinc, aluminum, tin and lead in the presence of moisture releasing combustible/explosive hydrogen gas. Can absorb water from air and give off sufficient heat to ignite surrounding combustible materials.

폐기물 처리

Dilute with large volume of water, neutralize and flush to sewer

Regulatory Status

GRAS listed. Accepted for use in Europe in certain food applications. Included in the FDA Inactive Ingredients Database (injections, infusions, and oral capsules and solutions). Included in nonparenteral and parenteral medicines licensed in the UK. Included in the Canadian List of Acceptable Non-medicinal Ingredients.

수산화칼륨 준비 용품 및 원자재

원자재

준비 용품

수산화칼륨 공급 업체

공급자	전화	이메일	국가	제품 수	이점
Qingdao Trust Agri Chemical Co.,Ltd	+8613573296305	aroma@qdtrustagri.com	China	165	58
Dideu Industries Group Limited	+86-29-89586680 +86-15129568250	1026@dideu.com	China	29474	58
Hebei Duling International Trade Co. LTD	+8618032673083	sales05@hbduling.cn	China	15747	58
Hefei TNJ Chemical Industry Co.,Ltd.	0551-65418671	sales@tnjchem.com	China	34572	58
Shaanxi Haibo Biotechnology Co., Ltd	+undefined18602966907	qinhe02@xaltbio.com	China	1000	58
Henan Fengda Chemical Co., Ltd	+86-371-86557731 +86-13613820652	info@fdachem.com	China	7377	58
Jiangsu Kolod Food Ingredients Co.,Ltd.	+86-518-85110578 +8618805133257	sales3257@jskolod.com	China	132	60
Henan Tianfu Chemical Co.,Ltd.	+86-0371-55170693 +86-19937530512	info@tianfuchem.com	China	21695	55
Shanghai Time Chemicals CO., Ltd.	+86-021-57951555 +8617317452075	jack.li@time-chemicals.com	China	1807	55
Hefei TNJ Chemical Industry Co.,Ltd.	+86-0551-65418679 +86-18949832763	info@tnjchem.com	China	2989	55

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