페니토인
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페니토인 속성
- 녹는점
- 293-295 °C (lit.)
- 끓는 점
- 395.45°C (rough estimate)
- 밀도
- 1.1562 (rough estimate)
- 굴절률
- 1.5906 (estimate)
- 인화점
- 11 °C
- 저장 조건
- 2-8°C
- 용해도
- DMSO: 용해될 수 있다
- 산도 계수 (pKa)
- pKa 8.43(H2O,t =25,I=0.025) (Uncertain)
- 물리적 상태
- 가루
- 색상
- 흰색에서 거의 흰색
- 수용성
- 19&C에서 <0.01g/100mL
- Merck
- 14,7322
- BRN
- 384532
- 안정성
- 안정적인. 타기 쉬운. 강한 산화제, 강한 염기와 호환되지 않습니다.
- InChIKey
- CXOFVDLJLONNDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N
- CAS 데이터베이스
- 57-41-0(CAS DataBase Reference)
- IARC
- 2B (Vol. Sup 7, 66) 1996
안전
- 위험 및 안전 성명
- 위험 및 사전주의 사항 (GHS)
위험품 표기 | T,Xn,F | ||
---|---|---|---|
위험 카페고리 넘버 | 45-61-22-63-40-39/23/24/25-23/24/25-11-20/21/22 | ||
안전지침서 | 53-45-36/37-16-7 | ||
유엔번호(UN No.) | 2811 | ||
WGK 독일 | 3 | ||
RTECS 번호 | MU1050000 | ||
자연 발화 온도 | 550 °C | ||
위험 등급 | 6.1(b) | ||
포장분류 | II | ||
HS 번호 | 29332100 | ||
유해 물질 데이터 | 57-41-0(Hazardous Substances Data) | ||
독성 | LD50 in mice (mg/kg): 92 i.v.; 110 s.c. (Stille, Brunckow) | ||
기존화학 물질 | KE-12074 |
페니토인 C화학적 특성, 용도, 생산
개요
The drug was first approved for the treatment of epilepsy by the Food and Drug Administration in 1953 and marketed by Parke-Davis as Dilantin. Its primary mechanism of action appears to block voltage-sensitive sodium channels in the brain (especially in the motor cortex), producing a delay in electrical recovery in neurons and stabilizing the threshold against hyperexcitability.화학적 성질
white crystals or powder용도
5,5-Diphenylhydantoin has been used for phenytoin treatment. It has also been used to slow down or prevent mesoendoderm cell migration.정의
ChEBI: A imidazolidine-2,4-dione that consists of hydantoin bearing two phenyl substituents at position 5.일반 설명
Fine white or almost white crystalline powder. Odorless or almost odorless. Tasteless.공기와 물의 반응
Insoluble in water.반응 프로필
5,5-Diphenylhydantoin is an amide. Amides/imides react with azo and diazo compounds to generate toxic gases. Flammable gases are formed by the reaction of organic amides/imides with strong reducing agents. Amides are very weak bases (weaker than water). Imides are less basic yet and in fact react with strong bases to form salts. That is, they can react as acids. Mixing amides with dehydrating agents such as P2O5 or SOCl2 generates the corresponding nitrile. The combustion of these compounds generates mixed oxides of nitrogen (NOx). 5,5-Diphenylhydantoin is incompatible with strong oxidizers and strong bases.화재위험
Flash point data for 5,5-Diphenylhydantoin are not available; however, 5,5-Diphenylhydantoin is probably combustible.Mechanism of action
Phenytoin is indicated for initial monotherapy or adjunct treatment of complex partial or tonic-clonic seizures, convulsive status epilepticus, and prophylaxis. It often is selected for initial monotherapy because of its high efficacy and relatively low incidence of side effects. Phenytoin is not used in the treatment of absence seizures, because it may increase their frequency of occurrence. Phenytoin binds to and stabilizes the inactivated state of sodium channels, thus producing a use-dependent blockade of repetitive firing and inhibition of the spread of seizure activity to adjacent cortical areas.Pharmacology
In terms of its effect on the CNS, phenytoin is considered an excellent antiepileptic drug with insignificant sedative effects. Even in large doses it does not cause hypnosis. It is presumed that phenytoin facilitates secretion of sodium ions from nerve cells, which reduces the stimulation of neurons. This in turn prevents the activation of neurons upon receiving impulses from the epileptogenic center. In addition, phenytoin reduces the incoming flow of potassium ions during repolarization. It is possible that phenytoin significantly slows the distribution of excitation in the brain as a direct result of the redistribution of the ion flow.Clinical Use
Phenytoin (Dilantin) was originally introduced for the control of convulsive disorders but has now also been shown to be effective in the treatment of cardiac arrhythmias. Phenytoin appears to be particularly effective in treating ventricular arrhythmias in children.Phenytoin, like lidocaine, is more effective in the treatment of ventricular than supraventricular arrhythmias. It is particularly effective in treating ventricular arrhythmias associated with digitalis toxicity, acute myocardial infarction, open-heart surgery, anesthesia, cardiac catheterization, cardioversion, and angiographic studies.
Phenytoin finds its most effective use in the treatment of supraventricular and ventricular arrhythmias associated with digitalis intoxication. The ability of phenytoin to improve digitalis-induced depression of A-V conduction is a special feature that contrasts with the actions of other antiarrhythmic agents.
부작용
The most common side effect in children receiving long-term therapy is gingival hyperplasia, or overgrowth of the gums (occurs in up to 50% of patients). Although the condition is not serious, it is a cosmetic problem and can be very embarrassing to the patient. Hirsutism also is an annoying side effect of phenytoin, particularly in young females. Thickening of subcutaneous tissue, coarsening of facial features, and enlargement of lips and nose (hydantoin facies) are often seen in patients receiving long-term phenytoin therapy. Peripheral neuropathy and chronic cerebellar degeneration have been reported, but they are rare.There is evidence that phenytoin is teratogenic in humans, but the mechanism is not clear. However, it is known that phenytoin can produce a folate deficiency, and folate deficiency is associated with teratogenesis. Only a few well-documented drug combinations with phenytoin may necessitate dosage adjustment. Coadministration of the following drugs can result in elevations of plasma phenytoin levels in most patients: cimetidine, chloramphenicol, disulfiram, sulthiame, and isoniazid (in slow acetylators). Phenytoin often causes a decline in plasma carbamazepine levels if these two drugs are given concomitantly.
Ethotoin and mephenytoin are congeners of phenytoin that are marketed as AEDs in the United States. They are not widely used.
Safety Profile
Confirmed carcinogen producing lymphoma, Hodgkin's disease, tumors of the skin and appendages. Experimental carcinogenic and tumorigenic data. A human poison by ingestion. Poison experimentally by ingestion, subcutaneous, intravenous, and intraperitoneal routes. Moderately toxic by an unspecified route. Experimental teratogenic and reproductive effects. Human systemic effects by ingestion: dermatitis, change in motor activity (specific assay), ataxia (loss of muscle coordmation), degenerative brain changes, encephalitis, hallucinations, dtstorted perceptions, irritabihty, and jaundice. Human teratogenic effects by ingestion: developmental abnormalities of the central nervous system, carlovascular (circulatory) system, musculoskeletal system, craniofacial area, skin and skin appendages, eye, ear, other developmental abnormalities. Effects on newborn include abnormal growth statistics (e.g., reduced weight gain), physical abnormakties, other postnatal measures or effects, and delayed effects. Human mutation data reported. A drug for the treatment of grand mal and psychomotor seizures. When heated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes of NOx잠재적 노출
Phenytoin is an amide pharmaceutical used in the treatment of grand mal epilepsy, Parkinson’s syndrome; and in veterinary medicine. Human exposure to phenytoin occurs principally during its use as a drug. Figures on the number of patients using phenytoin are not available, but phenytoin is given to a major segment of those individuals with epilepsy. The oral dose rate is initially 100 mg given 3 times per day and can gradually increase by 100 mg every 24 weeks until the desired therapeutic response is obtained. The intravenous dose is 200350 mg/day.Drug interactions
Plasma phenytoin concentrations are increased in the presence of chloramphenicol, disulfiram, and isoniazid, since the latter drugs inhibit the hepatic metabolism of phenytoin. A reduction in phenytoin dose can alleviate the consequences of these drug–drug interactions.Carcinogenicity
Phenytoin and its sodium salt are reasonably anticipated to be human carcinogens based on sufficient evidence from studies in experimental animals.환경귀착
Routes and PathwaysExposure is usually oral, but the intravenous route may be used to treat status epilepticus.
Relevant Physicochemical Properties
Appearance: clear, colorless, or slightly yellow in solution Solubility: ethyl alcohol
Solubility in water
practically insoluble in water. 1 g dissolves in about 75 ml of ethanol or 30 ml of acetone.운송 방법
UN2811 Toxic solids, organic, n.o.s., Hazard Class: 6.1; Labels: 6.1-Poisonous materials, Technical Name Required. UN3249 Medicine, solid, toxic, n.o.s., Hazard Class: 6.1; Labels: 6.1-Poisonous materials.Purification Methods
Crystallise the hydantoin from EtOH. [Beilstein 24 III/IV 1748.]비 호환성
Incompatible with oxidizers (chlorates, nitrates, peroxides, permanganates, perchlorates, chlorine, bromine, fluorine, etc.); contact may cause fires or explosions. Keep away from alkaline materials, strong bases, strong acids, oxoacids, epoxides. Similar organic amides react with azo and diazo compounds, releasing toxic gases. Contact with reducing agents can release flammable gases. Amides are very weak bases but they can react as acids, forming salts. Mixing amides with dehydrating agents such as phosphorus pentoxide or thionyl chloride generates the corresponding nitrile.주의 사항
Phenytoin either should not be used or should be used cautiously in patients with hypotension, severe bradycardia, high-grade A-V block, severe heart failure, or hypersensitivity to the drug.Because of the increase in A-V transmission observed with phenytoin administration, it should not be given to patients with atrial flutter or atrial fibrillation. Phenytoin will probably not restore normal sinus rhythm and may dangerously accelerate the ventricular rate.
페니토인 준비 용품 및 원자재
원자재
벤즈알데하이드
암모늄 카보네이트
사이안화 칼륨
벤조페논
Benzeneacetamide, a-amino-a-phenyl-
2-amino-1,5-dihydro-4H-imidazol-4-one
파라바닉 산
5,5-디페닐-2-티오히단토인
벤조인
준비 용품
페니토인 공급 업체
글로벌( 356)공급 업체
공급자 | 전화 | 이메일 | 국가 | 제품 수 | 이점 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Hebei Mojin Biotechnology Co., Ltd | +8613288715578 |
sales@hbmojin.com | China | 12456 | 58 |
Shanghai Daken Advanced Materials Co.,Ltd | +86-371-66670886 |
info@dakenam.com | China | 15928 | 58 |
Henan Tianfu Chemical Co.,Ltd. | +86-0371-55170693 +86-19937530512 |
info@tianfuchem.com | China | 21691 | 55 |
career henan chemical co | +86-0371-86658258 |
sales@coreychem.com | China | 29914 | 58 |
Hebei Guanlang Biotechnology Co., Ltd. | +86-19930503282 |
alice@crovellbio.com | China | 8823 | 58 |
Shenzhen Excellent Biotech Co., Ltd. | 13480692018 |
ramyan@ex-biotech.com | CHINA | 954 | 58 |
CONIER CHEM AND PHARMA LIMITED | +8618523575427 |
sales@conier.com | China | 47465 | 58 |
career henan chemical co | +86-0371-86658258 15093356674; |
factory@coreychem.com | China | 29826 | 58 |
TargetMol Chemicals Inc. | +1-781-999-5354 +1-00000000000 |
marketing@targetmol.com | United States | 19892 | 58 |
Hefei TNJ Chemical Industry Co.,Ltd. | 0551-65418671 |
sales@tnjchem.com | China | 34572 | 58 |
페니토인 관련 검색:
1-브로모-3-클로로-5,5-다이메틸하이단토인 이프로다이온 비페닐 1,3-다이브로모-5,5-다이메틸하이단토인 5,5-디메틸히단토인 페니토인 나트륨 알란토인 히단토인 5-(4-히드록시페닐)-5-페닐히단토인 페니토인
5-(4-METHYLPHENYL)-5-PHENYLHYDANTOIN
Phenytoin Impurity 4
Phenytoin Impurity 1
PHENYTOIN RELATED COMPOUND B (50 MG) (AL-PHA-((AMINOCARBONYL)AMINO)-ALPHA-PHENYL BEN-ZENEACETIC ACID)
Phenytoin Impurity 2
Benzophenone
3a,6a-Diphenyloctahydroimidazo[4,5-d]imidazole-2,5-dione
2,2-Diphenylglycine