프로피온산

프로피온산 속성

프로피온산 C화학적 특성, 용도, 생산

순도시험

  (1) 비중 : 이 품목의 비중은 0.993～0.997이어야 한다.

  (2) 증류시험 : 이 품목을 비점 및 유분측정법에 따라 유분을 측정할 때, 138.5～142.5℃에서 95%(v/v) 이상을 유출하여야 한다.

  (3) 납 : 이 품목 5.0g을 취하여 원자흡광광도법 또는 유도결합플라즈마발광광도법에 따라 시험할 때, 그 양은 2.0ppm 이하이어야 한다.

  (4) 비소 : 이 품목을 비소시험법에 따라 시험할 때, 그 양은 4.0ppm 이하이어야 한다.

  (5) 수은 : 이 품목을 수은시험법에 따라 시험할 때, 그 양은 1.0ppm 이하이어야 한다.

  (6) 알데히드류(프로피온알데히드로서) : 이 품목 10mL를 달아 물 50mL 및 아황산수소나트륨용액(1→8) 10mL가 들어있는 마개가 달린 삼각플라스크에 취하고 마개를 하여 격렬히 흔들어 준 다음 30분간 정치하고 액의 색이 황갈색으로 될 때까지 0.1N 요오드용액으로 적정할 때, 그 소비량은 1.75mL 이하이어야 한다. 따로 같은 방법으로 공시험을 한다.

  (7) 산화되기 쉬운 물질(개미산으로서) : 수산화나트륨 15g을 물 50mL에 녹이고 식힌 다음 저으면서 브롬 6mL를 넣고 물을 가하여 2,000mL로 한다. 이 액 25mL를 물 100mL가 들어 있는 마개가 달린 삼각플라스크에 취하고 초산나트륨용액(1→5) 10mL 및 염산 10mL를 가한 다음 15분간 방치한다. 이 액에 요오드칼륨용액(1→4) 5mL 및 염산 10mL를 넣고 0.1N 치오황산나트륨용액으로 갈색이 즉시 없어질 때까지 적정할 때, 그 소비량은 2.2mL 이하이어야 한다. 따로 같은 방법으로 공시험을 한다.

  (8) 증발잔류물 : 이 품목 100mL를 증발시킨 다음 105℃에서 30분 또는 항량이 될 때까지 건조할 때, 그 잔류물은 0.01% 이하이어야 한다.

정량법

  이 품목 약 1.5g을 정밀히 달아 새로 끓여 식힌 물 100mL를 가하여 녹이고 0.5N 수산화나트륨용액으로 적정한다(지시약 : 페놀프탈레인시액 2방울).

0.5N 수산화나트륨용액 1mL ＝ 37.04mg C₃H₆O₂

개요

First described by Johann Gottlieb in 1844, propanoic acid has become one of the most widely used additives in processed foods for human consumption and animal feedstocks. Originally, Gottlieb found the compound among the degradation products of certain sugars. The term – propionic acid – itself has the unique distinction of once being the designation for all fatty acids due to the writings of Jean-Baptiste Dumas, who, in 1847, postulated that all fatty acids were in reality just one compound. While larger chain fatty acids are important components of all living things, propionic acid is the shortest fatty acid that exhibits the classic behaviors of similar compounds.

화학적 성질

Propionic acid, CH3CH2COOH, also known as propanoic acid and methylacetic acid, is a clear, colorless liquid that boils at 140°C (284 OF). It is flammable. It has a pungent odor and is soluble in water and alcohol. The Odor Threshold is 0.16 ppm. Propionic acid is an aliphatic monocarboxylic acid. Propionic acid is used in nickel electroplating solutions,perfumes, artificial flavors, pharmaceuticals, and manufacturing propionates.

출처

Reported found in apple, apple juice, banana, currants, pineapple, raspberry, papaya, onion, sauerkraut, tomato, vinegar, beef, beef broth, beer, blackberry juice, bread, cheese, cherry juice, butter, yogurt, milk, cream, lean and fatty fish, cured pork, cooked beef and mutton, chicken fat, cognac, rum, whiskies, cider, sherry, roasted cocoa bean, cocoa powder, coffee, black currant juice, white currant juice, grape juice, grape musts and port wine, grapefruit juice, grape syrup, orange juice, Valencia orange oil, orange essence, roasted peanuts, pecans, potato chips, honey, soybean, Arctic bramble, coconut meat, cloudberry, mushroom, sesame seed, cardamom, rice, jackfruit, sake, buckwheat, laurel, peated malt, cassava, Bourbon vanilla, oyster, mussels, scallop, Chinese quince and maté.

용도

Propionic Acid is the acid source of the propionates. propionic acid in the liquid form has a strong odor and is corrosive, so it is used as the sodium, calcium, and potassium salts as a preservative. these yield the free acid in the ph range of the food in which they are used. it functions principally against mold. see calcium propionate; sodium propionate.

생산 방법

Propionic acid can be obtained from wood pulp waste liquor by fermentation. It can also be prepared from ethylene, carbon monoxide and steam; from ethanol and carbon monoxide using boron trifluoride catalyst; from natural gas; or as a by-product in the pyrolysis of wood. Very pure propionic acid can be obtained from propionitrile. Propionic acid can be found in dairy products in small amounts.

정의

ChEBI: Propionic acid is a short-chain saturated fatty acid comprising ethane attached to the carbon of a carboxy group. It has a role as an antifungal drug. It is a short-chain fatty acid and a saturated fatty acid. It is a conjugate acid of a propionate.

일반 설명

Propionic acid is a clear oily aqueous liquid with a pungent rancid odor. Burns skin and the vapors irritate mucous membranes. Corrosive to most metals and tissue. Density 8.3 lb / gal.

공기와 물의 반응

Dilution with water causes release of heat.

반응 프로필

Propionic acid reacts as an acid to neutralize bases in exothermic reactions. Burns when exposed to heat, flame or oxidizers. When heated to decomposition emits acrid smoke and irritating fumes [Lewis, 3rd ed., 1993, p. 1090].

위험도

Moderate fire risk. Strong eye, skin and upper respiratory tract irritant.

건강위험

Propionic acid is a toxic and corrosive liquid. Contact with the eyes can result ineye injury. Skin contact may cause burns.Acute exposures to its vapors can causeeye redness, mild to moderate skin burns,and mild coughing (ACGIH 1986). Ingestionof high amounts of this acid may producecorrosion of the mouth and gastrointestinaltract in humans. Other symptoms includevomiting, diarrhea, ulceration, and convulsions. Oral LD50 value in rats is about3500–4300 mg/kg. The LD50 value by skinabsorption in rabbits is 500 mg/kg..

화재위험

Flammable/combustible material. May be ignited by heat, sparks or flames. Vapors may form explosive mixtures with air. Vapors may travel to source of ignition and flash back. Most vapors are heavier than air. They will spread along ground and collect in low or confined areas (sewers, basements, tanks). Vapor explosion hazard indoors, outdoors or in sewers. Runoff to sewer may create fire or explosion hazard. Containers may explode when heated. Many liquids are lighter than water.

Pharmaceutical Applications

Propionic acid is primarily used as an antioxidant and antimicrobial preservative in foods, and in oral and topical pharmaceutical applications. It is also used as an esterifying agent.

Clinical Use

Propionic acid is an antifungal agent that is nonirritatingand nontoxic. After application, it is present in perspiration in low concentration ( 0.01%). Salt forms with sodium,potassium, calcium, and ammonium are also fungicidal.Propionic acid is a clear, corrosive liquid with a characteristicodor. It is soluble in water and alcohol. Thesalts are usually used because they are nonvolatile andodorless.

Safety Profile

Poison by intraperitoneal route. Moderately toxic by ingestion, skin contact, and intravenous routes. A corrosive irritant to eyes, skin, and mucous membranes. Flammable liquid. Highly flammable when exposed to heat, flame, or oxidizers. To fight fire, use alcohol foam. When heated to decomposition it emits acrid smoke and irritating fumes.

Safety

Propionic acid is generally regarded as a nontoxic and nonirritant material when used in low levels as an excipient. Up to 1% may be used in food applications (up to 0.3% in flour and cheese products). Propionic acid is readily metabolized.
The pure form of propionic acid is corrosive and will cause burns to any area of contact. Both liquid and vapor forms are flammable. Concentrated propionic acid is harmful if swallowed, inhaled or absorbed through the skin. See also Sodium Propionate.
(mouse, IV): 0.63 g/kg
(rabbit, skin): 0.5 g/kg
(rat, oral): 2.6 g/kg

Synthesis

Commercial processes produce propionic acid by chemical synthesis and in small quantities by bacterial fermentation. Industrially Propionic acid is produced by hydrocarboxylation of ethylene in presence nickel carbonyl as a catalyst.

잠재적 노출

Propionic acid is used in the manufac- ture of inorganic propionates and propionate esters which are used as mold inhibitors, electroplating additives; emul- sifying agents; flavors and perfumes. It is an intermediate in pesticide manufacture, pharmaceutic manufacture; and in the production of cellulose propionate plastics. Also used as grain preservative.

Carcinogenicity

Rats fed high levels of propionic acid (4%) in a powdered diet developed forestomach neoplasia, which was believed to have arisen from sustained high levels of cellular proliferation. When administered at 4% in the diet as a pellet rather than as a powder, cellular hyperplasia and the associated severe inflammatory response were absent. In another study whereWistar ratswere fed 75%bread containing5%of the salt, sodiumpropionate rather than the acid for 1 year, no histopathology of the forestomach was reported. This suggests that the form of chemical (salt versus free acid), as well as the type of diet, is also an important factor in eliciting this effect. Harrison notes that a variety of chemicals, chemical and mechanical irritants, parasites, and dietary deficiencies cause forestomach tumors in rats. The predictive value of this finding in humans is, therefore, problematic because humans have no forestomach and food transit times are much faster. Interestingly, propionic acid inhibited the growth of the human adenocarcinoma cell line HT29 derived from similar epithelial tissue of human colon cancer patients, whereas other short-chain fatty acids, such as acetate, enhance transformation.

저장

Although stable, propionic acid is flammable. It should be stored in an airtight container away from heat and flames.

운송 방법

UN1848 Propionic acid, Hazard class: 8; Labels: 8-Corrosive material. UN3463 Propionic acid, with not ＜90% acid by mass, Hazard Class 8; Labels: 8-Corrosive material, 3-Flammable liquid.

Purification Methods

Dry the acid with Na2SO4 or by fractional distillation, then redistil after refluxing with a few crystals of KMnO4. An alternative purification uses conversion to the ethyl ester, fractional distillation and hydrolysis. [Bradbury J Am Chem Soc 74 2709 1952.] Propionic acid can also be heated for 0.5hour with an amount of benzoic anhydride equivalent to the amount of water present (in the presence of CrO3 as catalyst), followed by fractional distillation. [Cham & Israel J Chem Soc 196 1960, Beilstein 2 IV 695.]

비 호환성

Propionic acid is a medium strong acid. Incompatible with sulfuric acid, strong bases; ammonia, isocyanates, alkylene oxides; epichlorohydrin. Reacts with bases; strong oxidizers; and amines, causing fire and explo- sion hazard. Attacks many metals forming flammable/ explosive hydrogen gas. It can be salted out of aqueous solutions by the addition of calcium chloride or other salts.

폐기물 처리

Incineration in admixture with flammable solvent.

Regulatory Status

GRAS listed. Accepted for use in Europe as a food additive. In Japan, propionic acid is restricted to use as a flavoring agent.

프로피온산 준비 용품 및 원자재

원자재

준비 용품

프로피온산 공급 업체

공급자	전화	이메일	국가	제품 수	이점
Shandong Yanshuo Chemical Co., Ltd.	+86-18678179670 +86-18615116763	sales@yanshuochem.com	China	101	58
Hebei Duling International Trade Co. LTD	+8618032673083	sales05@hbduling.cn	China	15747	58
Hefei TNJ Chemical Industry Co.,Ltd.	0551-65418684 +8618949823763	sales@tnjchem.com	China	25363	58
Hebei Mojin Biotechnology Co., Ltd	+8613288715578	sales@hbmojin.com	China	12453	58
Wuhan Quanjinci New Material Co.,Ltd.	+8615271838296	kyra@quanjinci.com	China	1532	58
Capot Chemical Co.,Ltd.	571-85586718 +8613336195806	sales@capotchem.com	China	29797	60
Henan Tianfu Chemical Co.,Ltd.	+86-0371-55170693 +86-19937530512	info@tianfuchem.com	China	21695	55
Hefei TNJ Chemical Industry Co.,Ltd.	+86-0551-65418679 +86-18949832763	info@tnjchem.com	China	2989	55
Shanxi Naipu Import and Export Co.,Ltd	+86-13734021967 +8613734021967	kaia@neputrading.com	China	1011	58
career henan chemical co	+86-0371-86658258	sales@coreychem.com	China	29914	58

프로피온산 관련 검색: