니켈카르보닐
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니켈카르보닐 속성
- 녹는점
- -19°C
- 끓는 점
- 43°C
- 밀도
- 1,32 g/cm3
- 증기압
- 321 mmHg at 20 °C
- 인화점
- <-20°C
- 용해도
- insoluble in H2O; soluble in ethanol, benzene,acetone, ctc
- 물리적 상태
- 액체
- 색상
- 무색의
- 냄새
- 0.5~3ppm에서 그을음 냄새 감지 가능
- 수용성
- 공기가 없는 H2O ~5000부에 용해됩니다. 가용성 알코올, 벤젠, 클로로포름, 아세톤, CCl4 [MER06]
- 감도
- heat sensitive
- 노출 한도
- TLV-TWA: 0.05 ppm (0.35 mg as Ni/m3)
(ACGIH)
PEL: 0.001 ppm (0.007 mg Ni/m3) (OSHA, MSHA and NIOSH)
IDLH: 0.001 ppm (NIOSH, OSHA).
- 안정성
- 안정적인. 가연성이 높고 반응성이 높습니다. 폭발 위험.
안전
- 위험 및 안전 성명
- 위험 및 사전주의 사항 (GHS)
위험품 표기 | F,T+,N | ||
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위험 카페고리 넘버 | 11-26-40-50/53-61 | ||
안전지침서 | 45-53-60-61 | ||
유엔번호(UN No.) | 1259 | ||
자연 발화 온도 | Explodes above 60 °C | ||
위험 등급 | 6.1(a) | ||
포장분류 | I | ||
유해 물질 데이터 | 13463-39-3(Hazardous Substances Data) | ||
독성 | LD50 in rats (mg/kg): 39 i.p.; 63 s.c.; 66 i.v. (Hackett, Sunderman) | ||
IDLA | 2 ppm | ||
기존화학 물질 | KE-33281 | ||
유해화학물질 필터링 | 97-1-10 | ||
중점관리물질 필터링 | 별표2-268 | ||
암, 돌연변이성물질 필터링 | 165 | ||
사고대비 물질 필터링 | 70 | ||
함량 및 규제정보 | 물질구분: 사고대비물질; 혼합물(제품)함량정보: 니켈 카르보닐 및 이를 0.1% 이상 함유한 혼합물 |
니켈카르보닐 C화학적 특성, 용도, 생산
개요
Nickel carbonyl is a clear colourless to yellow volatile liquid, is flammable, and burns with a yellow flame. It is denser than water and insoluble in water but soluble in alcohol, benzene, chloroform, acetone, ethanol, carbon tetrachloride, and nitric acid. The vapours are heavier than air. In industries, nickel carbonyl is used in nickel coat steel and other metals and to make very pure nickel. Nickel carbonyl gets peroxidised by air as a solid deposit and decomposes to ignite.화학적 성질
Nickel carbonyl is a colorless, highly volatile, flammable liquid with a musty odor. The Odor Threshold is 1.3 ppm. It decomposes above room temperature producing carbon monoxide and finely divided nickel.물리적 성질
Colorless volatile liquid; diamagnetic; flammable; burns with a bright luminous flame; density 1.319 g/mL; freezes at -25°C; boils at 43°C; vapor pressure 320.6 torr at 20°C; vapor density 5.89 (air=1); critical temperature about 200°C; critical pressure 30 atm; practically insoluble in water, 180 mg/L at 10°C; miscible with most organic solvents including ethanol, acetone, and benzene; soluble in nitric acid and aqua regia.역사
Nickel tetracarbonyl was prepared first in 1888 by Mond and Langer by passing carbon monoxide over finely divided nickel. It is the most important zero valent compound of nickel and is used industrially to make high-purity nickel powder and pellets and to produce nickel coatings on steel.용도
Nickel carbonyl is used in nickel vapoplating processes in the metallurgical and electronics industry, and in the catalytic methyl- and ethylacrylate monomer synthesis. For many years it had been used to produce pure nickel by the Mond process, which has been considered to be outdated since around 1970.정의
nickel carbonyl: A colourlessvolatile liquid, Ni(CO)4; m.p.-25°C;b.p. 43°C. It is formed by direct combinationof nickel metal with carbonmonoxide at 50–60°C. The reaction isreversed at higher temperatures, andthe reactions are the basis of theMond process for purifying nickel.The nickel in the compound has anoxidation state of zero, and the compoundis a typical example of a complexwith pi-bonding ligands, inwhich filled d-orbitals on the nickeloverlap with empty p-orbitals on thecarbon.제조 방법
Nickel tetracarbonyl is made by passing carbon monoxide over finely divided nickel at 50 to 100°C. (The finely divided nickel is obtained from reduction of nickel oxide by hydrogen below 400°C.) Ni + 4CO → Ni(CO)4In several commercial processes the reaction is carried out at a temperature of 200°C under 400 atm carbon monoxide pressure for obtaining high yield of nickel tetracarbonyl and also to prevent thermal dissociation.
Nickel tetracarbonyl may be prepared in the laboratory by the Hieber process, a disproportion reaction of several nickel compounds of organic thio acids, such as nickel(II) phenyldithiocarbamate, (C6H5—NH—C(=S)—S)2Ni, with carbon monoxide under controlled conditions. In such disproportionation reactions, the divalent nickel ion converts to a tetravalent nickel complex (Hieber. H. 1952. Z.anorg.Chem., 269, pp. 28). The overall reaction is: 2NiII + 4CO → NiIV(complex) + Nio(CO)4.