폴펫 C화학적 특성, 용도, 생산
개요
Folpet is practically insoluble in water. It is a protective leaf fungicide. Its mode of action
inhibits normal cell division of a broad spectrum of microorganisms. It is used to control
cherry leaf spot, rose mildew, rose black spot, and apple scab. It is used on berries, flowers,
ornamentals, fruits, and vegetables and for seedand plant-bed treatment. It is also used
as a fungicide in paints and plastics and for treatment of internal and external structural
surfaces of buildings. It is incompatible with strongly alkaline preparations, such as
lime sulphur.
화학적 성질
Off-White to Pale Yellow Solid
용도
Folpet is used to control downy mildews, powdery mildews, leaf
spot diseases, scab and rots in fruit, ornamentals and vegetables.
정의
ChEBI: A member of the class of phthalimides that is phthalimide in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is replaced by a trichloromethylthio group. An agricultural fungicide, it has been used to control mildew, leaf spot, and other diseases in crops sice
he 1950s.
일반 설명
White crystals. Used as a fungicide. Insoluble in water.
공기와 물의 반응
Insoluble in water. Hydrolyzed in alkaline solution. Hydrolysis products are corrosive to many metals.
반응 프로필
A halogenated phthalimide.
색상 색인 번호
Folpet is a pesticide, fungicide agent of thiophthalim ide group. Occupational exposure occurs mostly in
agricultural workers or in florists. Photosensitivity has
been reported.
Safety Profile
Moderately toxic by
ingestion. Questionable carcinogen with
experimental tumorigenic and teratogenic
data. Experimental reproductive effects.
Human mutation data reported. When
heated to decomposition it emits very toxic
fumes of Cl-, NOx, and SOx. Used as a
fungicide.
Carcinogenicity
An NCI bioassay of technicalgrade
captan was conducted to determine carcinogenicity by
administering captan in the feed to Osborne–Mendel rats and
B6C3F1 mice. The major outcome was that tumors of the
duodenum of B6C3F1 mice were associated with the captan
treatment. There was no evidence that the tumors observed in
Osborne–Mendel rats were treatment-related.
In the NCI study, groups of 50 rats of each sex were fed
average doses of 2520 or 6050 ppm captan in the diet for
80 weeks. Groups of 50 mice of each sex were fed 8000 or
16,000 ppm captan in the diet for 80 weeks. These doses are
approximately 250 (male) and 450 (female) mg/kg/day (high
dose) and 50 (male) to 100 (female) mg/kg/day (low dose) in
rats. In mice, these doses are approximately 2100 mg/kg/day
(high dose) and 1000 mg/kg/day (low dose).
환경귀착
Folpet rapidly degrades in both aquatic and terrestrial environments,
with a reported half-life ranging from 2.6 h to
2 days. The dissipation of folpet in the environment is
considered to be dependent on its hydrolysis in water and on
microbial-mediated degradation. Its rate of hydrolysis is greatly
influenced by pH, with more rapid hydrolysis observed at
higher, more alkaline pH levels.
신진 대사 경로
Folpet contains an unstable trichloromethylthio (sulfenyl) moiety that has
been shown to undergo rapid hydrolytic and metabolic degradation to
phthalimide (2). By analogy with captan, presumably the trichloromethylthio
moiety can be transferred to the sulfur atoms of thiols such
as cysteine and glutathione. Thus in the presence of thiols such as glutathione,
folpet is probably cleaved at the N-S bond to form thiophosgene
(3) and other gaseous products such as hydrogen sulfide, hydrogen
chloride and carbonyl sulfide. Thiophosgene (3) is rapidly hydrolysed by
water. The trichloromethylthio group and thiophosgene are believed to be
intermediates in the formation of thiazolidine-2-thione-4-carboxylica cid
(4) which is an addition product with cysteine. A thiazolidine derivative
of glutathione may also be formed (5). Folpet is metabolised in plants and
animals to phthalimide (2) and further to phthalamic acid (6) and phthalic
acid (7) (see Scheme 1).
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