브로마실 C화학적 특성, 용도, 생산
개요
Bromacil (CAS 314-40-9) belongs to a class of herbicides
known as uracils, first developed by DuPont in 1962. Its
herbicidal activity is due to inhibition of photosynthesis in
several species of weeds and brush. Since its introduction in
1962, farmers in North and South America and Asia have used
bromacil-containing herbicides for crop protection.
화학적 성질
Bromacil is a noncombustible colorless, crystalline
solid, which may be dissolved in a flammable liquid.
용도
Bromacil is a nonselective inhibitor of photosynthesis,
absorbed mainly through the root and used for general
weed control on uncropped land at 5–15 kg/ha (2–4 kg/ha
annual maintenance). It is also used for weed control in citrus
plantations and for perennial grass control and annual pineapple
plantations.
정의
Substitute approved by EPA for some uses of 2,4,5-T.
일반 설명
Colorless to white odorless crystalline solid. Used as an herbicide. Commercially available as a wettable powder or in liquid formulations.
반응 프로필
Bromacil is incompatible with the following: Strong acids (decomposes slowly), oxidizers, heat, sparks, open flames .
위험도
Possible carcinogen. Thyroid effects.
농업용
Bromacil: Bromacil is used primarily for the control of annual and
perennial grasses and broadleaf weeds, both nonselectively on
noncrop lands and selectively for weed-control in citrus and pineapple
crops. The top five applications in California for which this
is used are oranges, lemons, grapefruit, and right-of-ways and
landscapes. A limit of 0.1 mg/kg of agricultural products is set in
several countries[35]. Not approved for use in EU countries.
상품명
BOREA®; BOROCIL EXTRA®; α-BROMACIL
80 WP®; BROMAX®; CROPTEX ONYX®;
CYNOGEN®; DuPontTM HERBICIDE 976®; EEREX®;
FENOCIL®; HERBICIDE 976®; HIBOR; HYDON®;
HYVAR®; HYVAR-X®; HYVAR X BROMACIL®;
HYVAR X-L®; HYVAR X WEED KILLER®; HYVAR
X-WS®; ISOCIL®; KROVAR®; NALKIL®; ROUT®;
URAGAN®; URAGON®; UROX®; UROX B WATER
SOLUBLE CONCENTRATE WEED KILLER®; UROX
HX GRANULAR WEED KILLER®; WEED-BROOM®
(mixture of DSMA, Bromacil & 2,4-D)
잠재적 노출
Used for general weed or brush control
in noncrop areas and primarily for the control of annual
and perennial grasses and broadleaf weeds, both nonselectively
on noncrop lands and selectively for weed-control in
a few crops (citrus and pineapple). A limit of 0.1 mg/kg of
agricultural products is set in several countries. Those
exposed will be those involved in manufacture, formulation,
and application.
Carcinogenicity
No evidence of carcinogenic
potential was seen in rats or dogs fed up to 1250 ppm
bromacil for 2 years. Bromacil was not oncogenic in
rats fed 50, 250, or 2500 ppm for 2 years. A marginal
increase in the incidence of hepatocellular neoplasms was
seen in mice fed 5000 ppm (but not 250 or 1250 ppm) for 18
months.
신진 대사 경로
The microorganism, a Pseudomonas sp. isolated from
soil by using bromacil as a sole source of carbon and
energy, shows a potential to decontaminate soil
samples fortified with bromacil under laboratory
conditions. The degradation pathways of bromacil by
the Pseudomonas sp. may include 5-bromouracil as
an intermediate which leads to 5-
bromodihydroxyluracil. Ozonization, UV photolysis,
and sensitized sunlight photodegradation of aqueous
bromacil solution lead to photodegradation products.
The ozonization yields three main products which are
identified as 3-sec-butyl-5-acetyl-5-hydroxyhydantoin,
3-sec-butylparabanic acid, and 3-sec-butyl-5,5-
dibromo-6-hydroxyuracil. The main products of
photoirradiation are 3-sec-butyl-6-methyluracil, its
dimeric compound, and 3-sec-butyl-5-acetyl-5-
hydroxyhydantoin.
운송 방법
UN2811 Toxic solids, organic, n.o.s., Hazard
Class: 6.1; Labels: 6.1—Poisonous materials, Technical
Name Required.
비 호환성
Incompatible with strong acids; oxidizers,
heat. Decomposes slowly in strong acids.
폐기물 처리
Bromacil should be incinerated
in a unit operating @ 850° C equipped with gas scrubbing
equipment
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