피라진아마이드
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피라진아마이드 속성
- 녹는점
- 189-191 °C (lit.)
- 끓는 점
- 229.19°C (rough estimate)
- 밀도
- 1.3260 (rough estimate)
- 굴절률
- 1.5900 (estimate)
- 인화점
- >110°(230°F)
- 저장 조건
- 2-8°C
- 용해도
- H2O: 용해성50mg/mL
- 물리적 상태
- 결정질 분말 또는 바늘
- 산도 계수 (pKa)
- 0.5(at 25℃)
- 색상
- 하얀색
- 수소이온지수(pH)
- 7 (H2O)
- 수용성
- 15mg/mL
- Merck
- 14,7956
- BRN
- 112306
- BCS Class
- 1,3
- LogP
- -0.600
- CAS 데이터베이스
- 98-96-4(CAS DataBase Reference)
안전
- 위험 및 안전 성명
- 위험 및 사전주의 사항 (GHS)
위험품 표기 | F,C | ||
---|---|---|---|
위험 카페고리 넘버 | 11-34 | ||
안전지침서 | 22-24/25-45-36/37/39-26-16 | ||
WGK 독일 | 3 | ||
RTECS 번호 | UQ2275000 | ||
TSCA | Yes | ||
HS 번호 | 29339990 | ||
유해 물질 데이터 | 98-96-4(Hazardous Substances Data) | ||
독성 | LD50 intraperitoneal in mouse: 1680mg/kg | ||
기존화학 물질 | KE-29919 |
피라진아마이드 C화학적 특성, 용도, 생산
개요
Pyrazinamide was synthesized in 1952, and it is the nitrogen-analog of nicotinamide. It exhibits hepatotoxicity. Synonyms of this drug are dexambutol, miambutol, esnbutol, ebutol, and others.화학적 성질
Crystalline Solid용도
Pyrazinamide is used therapeutically as an antitubercular agent. Pyrazinamide is used to form polymeric copper complexes, create pyrazine carboxamide scaffolds useful as FXs inhibitors, and as a component of mycobacteria identification kits. It is used to study liver toxicity prevention and mechanisms of resistance .Indications
Pyrazinamide is a synthetic analogue of nicotinamide. Its exact mechanism of action is not known, although its target appears to be the mycobacterial fatty acid synthetase involved in mycolic acid biosynthesis. Pyrazinamide requires an acidic environment, such as that found in the phagolysosomes, to express its tuberculocidal activity. Thus, pyrazinamide is highly effective on intracellular mycobacteria. The mycobacterial enzyme pyrazinamidase converts pyrazinamide to pyrazinoic acid, the active form of the drug.A mutation in the gene (pncA) that encodes pyrazinamidase is responsible for drug resistance; resistance can be delayed through the use of drug combination therapy.Antimicrobial activity
It is principally active against actively metabolizing intracellular bacilli and those in acidic, anoxic inflammatory lesions. Activity against M. tuberculosis is highly pH dependent: at pH 5.6 the MIC is 8–16 mg/L, but it is almost inactive at neutral pH. Other mycobacterial species, including M. bovis, are resistant. Activity requires conversion to pyrazinoic acid by the mycobacterial enzyme pyrazinamidase, encoded for by the pncA gene, which is present in M. tuberculosis but not M. bovis. A few resistant strains lack mutations in pncA, indicating alternative mechanisms for resistance, including defects in transportation of the agent into the bacterial cell.원료
Drug resistance is uncommon and cross-resistance to other antituberculosis agents does not occur. Susceptibility testing is technically demanding as it requires very careful control of the pH of the medium, but molecular methods for detection of resistance-conferring mutations are available.일반 설명
Pyrazinecarboxamide (PZA) occurs as a white crystalline powder that is sparingly soluble in water and slightly soluble in polar organic solvents. Its antitubercular properties were discovered as a result of an investigation of heterocyclic analogs of nicotinic acid, with which it is isosteric. Pyrazinamide has recently been elevated to first-line status in short-term tuberculosis treatment regimens because of its tuberculocidal activity and comparatively low short-term toxicity. Since pyrazinamide is not active against metabolically inactive tubercle bacilli, it is not considered suitable for long-term therapy. Potential hepatotoxicity also obviates long-term use of the drug. Pyrazinamide is maximally effective in the low pH environment that exists in macrophages (monocytes). Evidence suggests bioactivation of pyrazinamide to pyrazinoic acid by an amidase present in mycobacteria.공기와 물의 반응
Water soluble.반응 프로필
Pyrazinamide is a carbamate ester. Incompatible with strong acids and bases, and especially incompatible with strong reducing agents such as hydrides. May react with active metals or nitrides to produce flammable gaseous hydrogen. Incompatible with strongly oxidizing acids, peroxides, and hydroperoxides.Pharmaceutical Applications
Like isoniazid, pyrazinamide is a synthetic nicotinamide analog, although its mode of action is quite distinct.Pharmacology
Pyrazinamide is well absorbed from the GI tract and is widely distributed throughout the body. It penetrates tissues, macrophages, and tuberculous cavities and has excellent activity on the intracellular organisms; its plasma half-life is 9 to 10 hours in patients with normal renal function. The drug and its metabolites are excreted primarily by renal glomerular filtration.Pharmacokinetics
Oral absorption: >90%Cmax 20–22 mg/kg oral: 10–50 mg/L after 2 h
Plasma half-life: c. 9 h
Plasma protein binding: c. 50%
It readily crosses the blood–brain barrier, achieving CSF concentrations similar to plasma levels. It is metabolized to pyrazinoic acid in the liver and oxidized to inactive metabolites, which are excreted in the urine, although about 70% of an oral dose is excreted unchanged.
Clinical Use
Pyrazinamide is an essential component of the multidrug short-term therapy of tuberculosis. In combination with isoniazid and rifampin, it is active against the intracellular organisms that may cause relapse.부작용
Hepatotoxicity is the major concern in 15% of pyrazinamide recipients. It also can inhibit excretion of urates, resulting in hyperuricemia. Nearly all patients taking pyrazinamide develop hyperuricemia and possibly acute gouty arthritis. Other adverse effects include nausea, vomiting, anorexia, drug fever, and malaise. Pyrazinamide is not recommended for use during pregnancy.Purification Methods
The amide crystallises from water, EtOH or 1:1 hexane/EtOH in four modifications viz -form, -form, -form and form. [R. & S.rum Acta Cryst 28B 1677 1972, Beilstein 25 III/IV 772.]피라진아마이드 준비 용품 및 원자재
원자재
준비 용품
피라진아마이드 공급 업체
글로벌( 552)공급 업체
공급자 | 전화 | 이메일 | 국가 | 제품 수 | 이점 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Henan Tianfu Chemical Co.,Ltd. | +86-0371-55170693 +86-19937530512 |
info@tianfuchem.com | China | 21691 | 55 |
career henan chemical co | +86-0371-86658258 |
sales@coreychem.com | China | 29914 | 58 |
Hubei Jusheng Technology Co.,Ltd. | 18871490254 |
linda@hubeijusheng.com | CHINA | 28180 | 58 |
Accela ChemBio Inc. | (+1)-858-699-3322 |
info@accelachem.com | United States | 19965 | 58 |
HubeiwidelychemicaltechnologyCo.,Ltd | 18627774460 |
faith@widelychemical.com | CHINA | 742 | 58 |
Chongqing Chemdad Co., Ltd | +86-023-61398051 +8613650506873 |
sales@chemdad.com | China | 39916 | 58 |
Hebei shuoxi biotechnology co. LTD | +8613081092107 |
CHINA | 968 | 58 | |
CONIER CHEM AND PHARMA LIMITED | +8618523575427 |
sales@conier.com | China | 47465 | 58 |
Guangzhou Yuheng Pharmaceutical Technology Co., Ltd | +8613580539051 |
joe@yuhengpharm.com | CHINA | 21149 | 58 |
TargetMol Chemicals Inc. | +1-781-999-5354 +1-00000000000 |
marketing@targetmol.com | United States | 19892 | 58 |
피라진아마이드 관련 검색:
N,N-다이메틸폼아마이드 벤즈아마이드 포름아미드 히드로염화 아밀로리드 루미크롬 2,3-피라진디카르복사마이드 피라진아마이드
Pyrazine
Formamide,Deionized
Chlorantraniliprole
Glipizide
6-Biopterin
5-(N,N-HEXAMETHYLENE)-AMILORIDE
Lumazine
2-Amino-4-hydroxy-1H-pteridine
5-METHYL PYRAZINAMIDE
2-[4-Aminosulfonyl-phenyl]-ethyl-5-methylpyrazinecarboxamide
ALLOXAZINE