트리클로르폰 C화학적 특성, 용도, 생산
개요
Trichlorfon is a colorless crystalline powder.
It is soluble in water (120 g/L) and most organic solvents,
except aliphatic hydrocarbons. Log Kow = 0.43. Trichlorfon
is rapidly converted to dichlorvos by alkalis (2) and then
hydrolyzed; DT
50 (22 ?C) values at pH 4, 7, and 9 are 510 d,
46 h, and <30 min, respectively.
화학적 성질
Trichlorfon is a white to pale yellow crystalline solid.
용도
Trichlorfon is an irreversible organophosophate acetylcholinesterase inhibitor and the prodrug of Dichlorvos (D435950). Trichlorfon have also shown potential actions to be utilized as an effective org
anophosphorus pesticide.
정의
ChEBI: A phosphonic ester that is dimethyl phosphonate in which the hydrogen atom attched to the phosphorous is substituted by a 2,2,2-trichloro-1-hydroxyethyl group.
Indications
Metrifonate is an organophosphorous compound that
is effective only in the treatment of S. haematobium.
The active metabolite, dichlorvos, inactivates acetylcholinesterase
and potentiates inhibitory cholinergic effects.
The schistosomes are swept away from the bladder
to the lungs and are trapped. Therapeutic doses
produce no untoward side effects except for mild
cholinergic symptoms. It is contraindicated in pregnancy,
previous insecticide exposure, or with depolarizing
neuromuscular blockers. Metrifonate is not available
in the United States.
Antimicrobial activity
Useful activity is restricted to Schistosoma haematobium. It
has little activity against other schistosomes.
Although it exhibits activity against several other helminths, it
is not used for their treatment.
일반 설명
Chlorophos is a white crystalline solid. Soluble in water, benzene, chloroform, ether; insoluble in oils. Chlorophos is a wettable powder. Chlorophos can cause illness by inhalation, skin absorption and/or ingestion. Chlorophos is used as a pesticide.
공기와 물의 반응
Chlorophos decomposes at higher temperatures in water and at pH <5.5. Chlorophos is sensitive to prolonged exposure to moisture. Chlorophos is unstable in alkaline solutions.
반응 프로필
Chlorophos is incompatible with alkalis. Chlorophos is corrosive to black iron and mild steel. Chlorophos is corrosive to metals. Chlorophos is subject to hydrolysis.
건강위험
INHALATION, INGESTION, AND SKIN ABSORPTION. Inhibits cholinesterase. Headache, depressed appetite, nausea, miosis are symptoms of light exposures. Moderate effects are peritoneal paralysis, diarrhea, salivation, lacrimation, sweating, dyspnea, substernal tightness, slow pulse, tremors, muscular cramps and ataxia. Severe symptoms are: pyrexia, cyanosis, pulmonary edema, areflexia, loss of sphincter control, paralysis, coma, heart block, shock and respiratory failure. EYES: Increases permeability of blood vessels in anterior eye. Reduces corneal sensitivity with glaucoma, abnormalities in intraocular tension or decreased visual acuity.
화재위험
Combustible material: may burn but does not ignite readily. Containers may explode when heated. Runoff may pollute waterways. Substance may be transported in a molten form.
Pharmaceutical Applications
An organophosphorus compound. It is soluble in water and
stable at room temperature. At higher temperatures it decomposes
to the insecticide dichlorvos.
상품명
AEROL 1 (PESTICIDE)®;
AGROFOROTOX®; ANTHON®; BAY 15922®;
BAYER 15922®; BAYER L 13/59®; BILARCIL®;
BOVINOX®[C]; BRITON®; BRITTEN®; CEKUFON®;
CHLORAK®; CHLOROFTALM®; CICLO-SOM®;
COMBOT®; COMBOT EQUINE®; DANEX®[C];
DEP®; DEPTHON®; DIMETOX®; DIPTEREX®;
DIPTEREX® 50; DIPTEVU®; DITRIFON®; DYLOX®;
DYLOX-METASYSTOX-R®; DYREX®; DYVON®;
EQUINO-ACID®; EQUINO-AID®; FLIBOL E®;
FLIEGENTELLE®; FOROTOX®; FOSCHLOR®;
FOSCHLOR R®; FOSCHLOR R-50®; LEIVASOM®;
LOISOL®; MASOTEN®[C]; MAZOTEN®;
NEGUVON®; NEGUVON A®; PHOSCHLOR R50®;
PROXOL®; RICIFON®; RITSIFON®; SATOX 20WSC®;
SOLDEP®; SOTIPOX®; TRICHLORPHON FN®;
TRINEX®; TUGON®; TUGON FLY BAIT®; TUGON
STABLE SPRAY®; VERMICIDE BAYER 2349®;
VOLFARTOL®; VOTEXIT®; WEC 50®; WOTEXIT®
Pharmacokinetics
Metrifonate is rapidly absorbed after oral administration,
achieving a peak concentration in plasma within 1–2 h. It
undergoes chemical transformation to dichlorvos, which is
the active molecule. Dichlorvos is rapidly and extensively
metabolized and excreted mainly in the urine.
Clinical Use
Urinary schistosomiasis (especially mass chemotherapy control programs)
부작용
Various side effects such as abdominal pain, gastrointestinal
upsets and vertigo occur in many patients. As the worms release their hold of the veins in the bladder they pass through
the blood system to the lungs, where they disintegrate; this
may cause some of the side effects. Cholinesterase levels in
the blood and on erythrocytes are depressed, but the significance
of this is unknown.
Safety Profile
Poison by ingestion,
inhalation, inti-aperitoneal, subcutaneous,
intravenous, and intramuscular routes.
Moderately toxic by skin contact. Human
systemic effects: true cholinesterase.
Experimental teratogenic and reproductive
effects. Questionable carcinogen with
experimental carcinogenic and tumorigenic
data. Human mutation data reported. An eye
irritant. When heated to decomposition it
emits very toxic fumes of Cland POx.
잠재적 노출
Trichlorfon is used as an agricultural and forest insecticide.
Carcinogenicity
When rats were fed diets that
contained 0, 50, 100, 200, 250, 400, 500, or 1000 ppm
(equivalent to about 0.5, 12.5, 25, or 50 mg/kg/day) for 17
or 24 months, no treatment-related effects occurred in those
fed 50–250 ppm . Histopathological results suggested
the occurrence of mammary tumors in rats fed 400, 500, and
1000 ppm. In another study, when rats were fed diets containing
0, 50, 250, 500, or 1000 ppm (equivalent to about 2.5,
12.5, 25, or 50 mg/kg/day) trichlorfon for 24 months, no
treatment-related effects other than whole-blood cholinesterase
depression at 1000 ppm occurred . There was no
increase in the incidence of either benign or malignant
tumors, including mammary tumors.
환경귀착
Soil. Trichlorfon degraded in soil to dichlorvos (alkaline conditions) and desmethyl
dichlorvos (Mattson et al., 1955).
Plant. In cotton leaves, the metabolites identified included dichlorvos, phosphoric acid,
O-demethyl dichlorvos, O-demethyl trichlorfon, methyl phosphate and dimethyl phosphate
(Bull and Ridgway, 1969). Chloral hydrate and trichloroethanol were r
Pieper and Richmond (1976) studied the persistence of trichlorfon in various foliage
following an application rate of 1.13 kg/ha. Concentrations of the insecticide found at day
0 and 14 were 81.7 ppm and 7 ppb for willow foliage, 12.6 ppm and 670 ppb for
Chemical/Physical. At 100°C, trichlorfon decomposes to chloral. Decomposed by hot
water at pH <5 forming dichlorvos (Worthing and Hance, 1991).
신진 대사
Trichlorfon administered to mammals is rapidly metabolized and excreted almost completely in the
urine within 6 h. Majormetabolites are dimethyl hydrogen
phosphate, methyl dihydrogen phosphate, and conjugates
of dichloroacetic acid and trichloroethanol. Trichlorfon is
rapidly broken down in soil.
운송 방법
UN2783 Organophosphorus pesticides, solid, toxic, Hazard Class: 6.1; Labels: 6.1-Poisonous materials.
비 호환성
This chemical may be characterized as an organo-phosphate or-chlorine compound. Organophosphates are susceptible to formation of highly toxic and flammable phosphine gas in the presence of strong reducin g agents such as hydrideds and active metals. Partial oxidation by oxidizing agents may result in the release of toxic phosphorus oxides.Alkaline materials: lime, lime sulfur, etc. Corrosive to iron, steel and possibly to other metals.
폐기물 처리
Add a combustible solvent and burn in a furnace equipped with an afterburner and an alkali scrubber.In accordance with 40CFR165, follow recommendations for the disposal of pesticides and pesticide containers. Must be disposed properly by following package label directions or by contacting your local or federal environmental control agency, or by contacting your regional EPA office.
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