테트라브로모메테인 C화학적 특성, 용도, 생산
개요
Carbon tetrabromide is considered a highly toxic chemical,
may be fatal if inhaled, swallowed, or absorbed through skin.
It is metabolized in vitro to produce carbon monoxide but
the in vivo significance has not been established. Under
anaerobic reducing conditions it forms complexes with
ferrous cytochrome P450. Carbon monoxide is detected as
a metabolic product of the interaction. Carbon tetrabromide’s
production and use in organic syntheses may
result in its release to the environment through various waste
streams. Carbon tetrabromide has been isolated from red
algae, Asparagopsis toxiformis, found in the ocean near Hawaii.
It was detected in water from treated chlorinated seawater
used for drinking at oil platforms. Occupational exposure to
carbon tetrabromide may occur through inhalation and
dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where it is
produced or used. The general population may be exposed to
carbon tetrabromide via ingestion of drinking water. Acute
exposures to high concentrations may cause upper respiratory
tract irritation and injury to lungs, liver (hepatotoxicity)
and kidneys (nephrotoxicity). Chronic exposure effects at
very low levels will be almost entirely limited to liver injury.
It is a potent lachrymator even at low exposure concentrations.
Although carbon tetrabromide may release bromine
ions during metabolism, clinical bromism is not expected to
occur.
화학적 성질
Carbon tetrabromide, is a colorless powder,
white crystalline solid, or yellow-brown crystals. Slight
odor
용도
Carbon tetrabromide is used to a limited extent as a chemical
intermediate. It has been isolated from red algae, Asparagopsis
toxiformis, found in the ocean near Hawaii.
정의
ChEBI: A one-carbon compound substituted by 4 bromo groups.
일반 설명
A colorless crystalline solid. Much more dense than water and insoluble in water. Toxic by ingestion. Vapors are narcotic in high concentration. Used to make other chemicals.
공기와 물의 반응
Insoluble in water.
반응 프로필
Carbon tetrabromide is incompatible with the following: Strong oxidizers, hexacyclohexyldilead, lithium .
위험도
A poison; narcotic in high concentration.
Liver damage, eye, skin, and upper respiratory tract
irritant.
건강위험
Highly toxic, may be fatal if inhaled, swallowed or absorbed through skin. Avoid any skin contact. Effects of contact or inhalation may be delayed. Fire may produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Runoff from fire control or dilution water may be corrosive and/or toxic and cause pollution.
화재위험
Non-combustible, substance itself does not burn but may decompose upon heating to produce corrosive and/or toxic fumes. Containers may explode when heated. Runoff may pollute waterways.
Safety Profile
Poison by
subcutaneous and intravenous routes.
Narcotic in high concentration. Mixture
with Li particles is an impact-sensitive
explosive. Explodes on contact with
hexacyclohexylddead. When heated to
decomposition it emits toxic fumes of Br-.
See also CHLORINATED
HYDROCARBONS, ALIPHATIC.
잠재적 노출
CBr4 is used in organic synthesis.
환경귀착
Carbon tetrabromide inhibits protein synthesis and causes
lipid peroxidation, both of which may be involved in cell injury
or death mediated by free radicals.
운송 방법
UN2516 Carbon tetrabromide, Hazard Class:
6.1; Labels: 6.1-Poisonous materials.
Purification Methods
Reactive bromide is removed from CBr4 by refluxing with dilute aqueous Na2CO3, then steam distilling, crystallising from EtOH, and drying in the dark under vacuum. [Sharpe & Walker J Chem Soc 157 1962.] It can be sublimed at 70o and low pressure. [Beilstein 1 IV 85.]
비 호환성
Incompatible with oxidizers (chlorates,
nitrates, peroxides, permanganates, perchlorates, chlorine,
bromine, fluorine, etc.); contact may cause fires or explosions. Keep away from alkaline materials, strong bases,
strong acids, oxoacids, epoxides, lithium and hexacyclohexyldiilead, since violent reactions may occur.
폐기물 처리
Purify by distillation and
return to suppliers.
테트라브로모메테인 준비 용품 및 원자재
원자재
준비 용품
