인돌

인돌 속성

인돌 C화학적 특성, 용도, 생산

개요

인돌. 방향족 두고리 헤테로고리 화합물이다. N이 있어서 염기성일 것 같지만 질소의 전자가 모조리 방향족 전자구조에 기여하기 때문에 전혀 염기성이 아니다. 다섯고리 헤테로고리 화합물인 피롤에 벤젠이 달라붙어서 10개의 π전자를 갖게 되어 분자가 방향족성을 띈다.

용도

순수한 인돌은 꽃향기가 난다(애초에 인돌이 속한 방향족 탄화수소에서 방향(芳香)이 꽃향기를 뜻한다). 향수 산업의 필수적인 화합물로, 자스민 오일은 2.5%의 인돌을 포함하고 있다. 하지만 스카톨과 함께 방귀의 산캐한냄새의 한 축을 담당하기도 한다.

개요

Indole has an almost floral odor when highly purified. Otherwise, it exhibits the characteristic odor of feces. It is not very stable on exposure to light (turns red). Indole may be obtained from the 220 - 260°C boiling fraction of coal tar or by heating sodium phenylglycine-o-carboxylate with NaOH, saturating the aqueous solution of the melt with C 02, and finally reducing with sodium amalgam; can be prepared also by the reduction of indoxyl, indoxyl carboxylic acid, or indigo.

화학적 성질

Indole has an unpleasant odor at high concentration, odor becomes floral at higher dilutions

물리적 성질

Colorless to yellow scales with an unpleasant odor. Turns red on exposure to light and air. Odor threshold of 0.14 ppm was reported by Buttery et al. (1988).

출처

Reported occurring in several natural products as a complex compound that decomposes during enfleurage or steam distillation yielding free indole; reported found in the essential oil from flower of Jasminum grandiflorum, in neroli oil and in the oil extracted from flowers of bitter orange; also reported in the flowers of several plants: lemon, coffee, Hevea brasiliensis and Randia formosa in the oil extracted from flowers of Jasminum odoratissinium L. and in the oil of Narcissus jonquilla. Also reported found in apricot, mandarin orange peel oil, grapes, kohlrabi, French fried potato, crispbread, cheeses, butter, milk, milk powder, boiled egg, fish oil, chicken, beef, pork, beer, rum, Finnish whiskey, red and white wine, coffee, tea, soybean, mushrooms, cauliflower, figs, rice, licorice, buckwheat, malt, wort, elder flower, clary sage, shrimp, okra, crab, clam, squid and green maté

용도

In highly dil solutions the odor is pleasant, hence indole has been used in perfumery.

정의

indole: A yellow solid, C₈H₇N, m.p.52°C. Its molecules consist of a benzenering fused to a nitrogen-containingfive-membered ring. It occurs insome plants and in coal tar, and isproduced in faeces by bacterial action.It is used in making perfumes.Indole has the nitrogen atom positionednext to the fused benzenering. An isomer with the nitrogentwo atoms away from the fused ringis called isoindole.

제조 방법

Obtained from the 220 to 260°C boiling fraction of coal tar or by heating sodium phenyl-glycine-o-carboxylate with NaOH, saturating the aqueous solution of the melt with CO2 and finally reducing with sodium amalgam; can be prepared also by the reduction of indoxyl, indoxyl carboxylic acid or indigo.

일반 설명

Indole is classified under the volatile flavor compounds (VFCs). It is known to play significant role in various biological functions such as anti-inflammatory, anticonvulsant, cardiovascular and antibacterial activities.

위험도

A carcinogen.

건강위험

Low to moderate toxicity was observed inexperimental animals resulting from oral orsubcutaneous administration of indole. Theoral LD50 value in rats is 1000 mg/kg. It is ananimal carcinogen. It caused tumors in bloodand lungs in mice subjected to subcutaneousadministration.

화재위험

Noncombustible solid.

환경귀착

Biological. In 9% anaerobic municipal sludge, indole degraded to 1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one (oxindole), which degraded to methane and carbon dioxide (Berry et al., 1987). Heukelekian and Rand (1955) reported a 5-d BOD value of 1.70 g/g which is 65.4% of the ThOD value of 2.48 g/g.
Chemical/Physical. The aqueous chlorination of indole by hypochlorite/hypochlorous acid, chlorine dioxide, and chloramines produced oxindole, isatin, and possibly 3-chloroindole (Lin and Carlson, 1984).

신진 대사 경로

The indole is metabolized in a mineral salt medium inoculated with 9% anaerobically digested nitrate- reducing sewage sludge, resulting in the sequential occurrence of four structurally related compounds: oxindole, isatine, dioxindole, and anthranilic acid. Indole is metabolized by fungus via indoxyl (3-hydroxyindole), N-formylanthranilic acid, anthranilic acid, 2,3-dihydroxybenzoic acid, and catecol, which is further degraded by an ortho cleavage.

신진 대사

Indole is oxidized to 3-hydroxyindole (indoxyl) which is conjugated with glucuronic and sulphuric acids before excretion. The sulphate conjugate seems to be the main product in rabbits and, even with relatively large doses of indole, the sulphate conjugation always exceeds that of glucuronic acid(Williams, 1959).

Purification Methods

It can be further purified by sublimation in a vacuum or by zone melting. The picrate forms orange crystals from EtOH and has m 175o. [Beilstein 20 II 196, 20 III/IV 3176, 20/7 V 5.]

인돌 준비 용품 및 원자재

원자재

준비 용품

인돌 공급 업체

공급자	전화	이메일	국가	제품 수	이점
Shandong Natural Micron Pharm Tech Co.,LTD	+86-18653895227	info@nmpharmtech.com	China	94	58
Baoji Guokang Healthchem co.,ltd	+8615604608665 15604608665	dominicguo@gk-bio.com	CHINA	9427	58
Hebei Mojin Biotechnology Co., Ltd	+8613288715578	sales@hbmojin.com	China	12452	58
Hebei Dangtong Import and export Co LTD	+8615632927689	admin@hbdangtong.com	China	991	58
Firsky International Trade (Wuhan) Co., Ltd	+8615387054039	admin@firsky-cn.com	China	436	58
Anhui Yiao New Material Technology Co., Ltd	+86-199-55145978 +8619955145978	sales8@anhuiyiao.com	China	253	58
Shandong Juchuang Chemical Co., LTD	+86-18885615001 +86-18885615001	admin@juchuangchem.com	China	387	58
Frapp's ChemicalNFTZ Co., Ltd.	+86 (576) 8169-6106	sales@frappschem.com	China	885	50
Capot Chemical Co.,Ltd.	571-85586718 +8613336195806	sales@capotchem.com	China	29797	60
Henan Tianfu Chemical Co.,Ltd.	+86-0371-55170693 +86-19937530512	info@tianfuchem.com	China	21695	55

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