할로탄

할로탄 속성

할로탄 C화학적 특성, 용도, 생산

화학적 성질

Halothane is a highly volatile, nonflammable, colorless liquid. Sweet odor.

용도

Halothane is used as a clinical anesthetic.

정의

ChEBI: A haloalkane comprising ethane having three flouro substituents at the 1-position as well as bromo- and chloro substituents at the 2-position.

Biological Functions

Halothane (Fluothane) depresses respiratory function, leading to decreased tidal volume and an increased rate of ventilation. Since the increased rate does not adequately compensate for the decrease in tidal volume, minute ventilation will be reduced; plasma PaCO₂ rises, and hypoxic drive is depressed.With surgical anesthesia, spontaneous ventilation is inadequate, and the patient’s ventilation must be controlled.
Halothane administration can result in a marked reduction in arterial blood pressure that is due primarily to direct myocardial depression, which reduces cardiac output. The fall in pressure is not opposed by reflex sympathetic activation, however, since halothane also blunts baroreceptor and carotid reflexes. Systemic vascular resistance is unchanged, although blood flow to various tissues is redistributed. Halothane also sensitizes the heart to the arrhythmogenic effect of catecholamines. Thus, maintenance of the patient’s blood pressure with epinephrine must be done cautiously.

일반 설명

Halothane is a nonflammable, nonpungent, volatile, liquid,halogenated (F, Cl, and Br) ethane (bp＝50°C), introducedin 1956. Halothane may increase heart rate, cause cardiacarrhythmias, increase cerebral blood flow, and increase intracranialpressure.It can undergo spontaneous oxidationwhen exposed to ultraviolet light to yield HCl, HBr, Cl ,Br^- , and phosgene (COCl₂). To prevent oxidation it ispackaged in amber bottles with a low concentration of thymol(0.01%) as a stabilizer. The drug has a high potency(MAC＝0.75%), a blood:gas partition coefficient of 2.4,and high adipose solubility. Halothane undergoes both reductiveand oxidative processes with up to 20% of the doseundergoing metabolism .The trifluoroacetylchloride metabolite is electrophilic and can form covalentbonds with proteins leading to immune responses andhalothane hepatitis upon subsequent halothane exposure.Halothane hepatitis is rare with 1 case reported for every6,000 to 35,000 patients exposed.

공기와 물의 반응

Slightly water soluble.

반응 프로필

2-BROMO-2-CHLORO-1,1,1-TRIFLUOROETHANE is sensitive to exposure to light. Incompatible with oxidizing materials. Tarnishes or corrodes most metals, with the exception of chromium, nickel and titanium. When moisture is present, 2-BROMO-2-CHLORO-1,1,1-TRIFLUOROETHANE attacks aluminum, brass and lead, but not copper. Contact causes rubber and some plastics to deteriorate rapidly.

건강위험

Health hazard may arise from exposure tohigh concentrations of vapors. The target sites are the central nervous system, car diovascular system, and liver. The toxiceffects include depression of the central ner vous system, nausea, vomiting, increasedbody temperature, excitability, arrhythmias,vasodilatation, hepatitis, and liver necrosis.An anesthetic effect in humans is noted atan exposure level of 10,000 ppm. Repeatedexposure to halothane at anesthetic concen trations may result in hepatic lesions andnecrosis. Contact of liquid with the eyes mayresult in severe irritation. The lethal con centration in humans for a 3-hour exposureperiod is in the range of 7000 ppm.
LC50 value, inhalation (mice): 22,000 ppm/10 min
LD50 value, oral (guinea pigs): 6000 mg/kg
No mutagenic effect was observed. Carcino genicity in animals has not been reported.

화재위험

Literature sources indicate that 2-BROMO-2-CHLORO-1,1,1-TRIFLUOROETHANE is nonflammable.

Clinical Use

The use of inhaled anesthetics and halothane in particularcan produce malignant hyperthermia (MH) in geneticallysusceptible individuals. This results in an increase inbody temperature, tachycardia, tachypnea, acidosis, andrhabdomylolysis. MH is a result of the excessive release ofcalcium from the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR). Patientswith an inherited mutation in the ryanodine receptor(RYR1), which is located in the SR, are at an increased riskof developing MH when exposed to an inhaled anesthetictriggering agent. Treatment entails discontinuing the anestheticagent, rapid cooling, intravenous dantrolene sodium,and supportive measures. MH has been reported to occurwith all anesthetics agents and with succinylcholine, a depolarizingneuromuscular blocker. The combination ofhalothane and succinylcholine appears to trigger a great extentof the MH episodes. Patients with a family history ofMH can be genetically screened for MH susceptibility viathe caffeine–halothane contracture test. This test is invasiverequiring a piece of skeletal muscle to conduct and it isexpensive costing approximately $5,000 (cost in 2008).Noninvasive molecular genetic screening is currently beingdeveloped.

잠재적 노출

Halothane is used as an inhalation anesthetic. It has been estimated that halothane accounts for two-thirds of all anesthetics.

운송 방법

UN3082 Environmentally hazardous substances, liquid, n.o.s., Hazard class: 9; Labels: 9-Miscellaneous haz ardous material, Technical Name Required.

비 호환성

May attack rubber and some plastics; sensitive to light. Light causes decomposition. May be stabilized with 0.01% thymol. Halothane is incompatible with oxidizers (chlorates, nitrates, peroxides, permanga nates, perchlorates, chlorine, bromine, fluorine, etc.); con tact may cause fires or explosions. Keep away from alkaline materials, strong bases, strong acids, oxoacids, epoxides. Tarnishes or corrodes most metals, with the exception of copper, chromium, nickel, and titanium. Attacks aluminum, brass and lead in the presence of moisture. Attacks rubber and causes some plastics to deteriorate rapidly.

폐기물 처리

The compound is mixed with a combustiblesolvent and burned in a chemical incineratorequipped with an afterburner and scrubber.

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할로탄 공급 업체

공급자	전화	이메일	국가	제품 수	이점
Shaanxi Haibo Biotechnology Co., Ltd	+undefined18602966907	qinhe02@xaltbio.com	China	1000	58
SHANDONG ZHI SHANG CHEMICAL CO.LTD	+86 18953170293	sales@sdzschem.com	China	2931	58
Hubei Jusheng Technology Co.,Ltd.	18871490254	linda@hubeijusheng.com	CHINA	28180	58
TargetMol Chemicals Inc.	+1-781-999-5354 +1-00000000000	marketing@targetmol.com	United States	19892	58
Allfluoro pharmaceutical co. ltd.	021-26137118 +8615821363818	sales@allfluoro.com	China	5791	58
HANGZHOU CLAP TECHNOLOGY CO.,LTD	86-571-88216897,88216896 13588875226	sales@hzclap.com	CHINA	6313	58
ANHUI WITOP BIOTECH CO., LTD	+8615255079626	eric@witopchemical.com	China	23556	58
Dideu Industries Group Limited	+86-29-89586680 +86-15129568250	1026@dideu.com	China	29220	58
AFINE CHEMICALS LIMITED	0571-85134551	info@afinechem.com	CHINA	15377	58
XINGTAI XINGJIU NEW MATERIAL TECHNOLOGY CO., LTD	+8617731987558	xingjiu@xingjiubiotech.com	China	990	58

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