산화프로필렌

산화프로필렌 속성

산화프로필렌 C화학적 특성, 용도, 생산

개요

Propylene oxide is an allergic and irritant agent, used as a solvent and raw material in the chemical industry as starting material and intermediate for a broad spectrum of polymers.

화학적 성질

Propylene oxide is soluble in water and miscible with most organic solvents. It is found to be an excellent low-boiling solvent for cellulose acetate, nitrocellulose, adhesive compositions and vinyl chloride-acetate resins. It is also a solvent for hydrocarbons, gums and shellac. Some of its uses are as a solvent and stabilizer in DDT aerosol-type insecticides, and as a fumigant and food preservative. Since it is an acid acceptor, it is also used as a stabilizer for vinyl chloride resins and other chlorinated systems.

물리적 성질

Propylene oxide is a colorless liquid with an agreeable, ether-like odor. Experimentally determined detection and recognition odor threshold concentrations were 24 mg/m³ (10 ppm_v) and 84 μg/m³ (35 ppm_v), respectively (Hellman and Small, 1974).

용도

Propylene oxide is used as a fumigant forfoodstuffs; as a stabilizer for fuels, heat-ing oils, and chlorinated hydrocarbons; asa fuel–air explosive in munitions; and toenhance the decay resistance of wood andparticleboard (Mallari et al. 1989). Recentstudies indicate that the fumigant potentialof propylene oxide enhances at a low pres-sure of 100 mm Hg which could render it asan alternative to methyl bromide for rapiddisinfection of commodities (Isikber et al.2004).

생산 방법

Propylene oxide is synthesized commercially from propylene through the intermediate propylene chlorohydrin. It also can be made by peroxidation of propylene using alkylhydroperoxides, but this method produces coproducts as well, often styrene or cumene. Propylene oxide is also synthesized via oxidation of propylene with hydrogen peroxide, which produceswater as the only coproduct.

정의

ChEBI: An epoxide that is oxirane substituted by a methyl group at position 2.

일반 설명

A clear colorless volatile liquid with an ethereal odor. Flash point -35°F. Boiling point 95°F. Density 6.9 lb./gal. Flammable over a wide range of vapor-air concentrations. If contaminated, may polymerize with evolution of heat and possible rupture of container. Vapors irritate eyes, skin, and respiratory system. Prolonged contact with skin may result in delayed burns. Vapors heavier than air. Used as a fumigant, in making detergents and lubricants, and to make other chemicals.

공기와 물의 반응

Highly flammable. Soluble in water.

반응 프로필

1,3-Propylene oxide react with oxidizing agents and strong acids . Reacts with Grignard reagents and organolithium compounds. An explosion occurred when Propylene oxide was added to an epoxy resin. Propylene oxide was concluded that polymerization was catalyzed by an amine accelerator in the resin [Bretherick, 5th Ed., 1995]. Underwent polymerization when mixed with sodium hydroxide causing ignition and explosion of a drum of the crude product. [Combust Sci. Technol., 1983].

위험도

Highly flammable, dangerous fire risk, explosive limits in air 2–22%. An irritant. TLV: 20 ppm; animal carcinogen.

건강위험

Exposure to propylene oxide vapors cancause moderate to severe irritation of the eyes, mucous membranes, and skin. Inhala-tion can also produce weakness and drowsi-ness. Symptoms of acute exposure in testanimals were lachrymation, salivation, gasp-ing, and labored breathing and dischargefrom nose. Harris et al. (1989) in a studyon Fischer-344 female rats found no adverseeffect below a 300-ppm exposure level.However, at the chronic inhalation levelof 500 ppm the gain in the maternal bodyweight and food consumption were reducedsignificantly. In a similar chronic inhalationstudy on Wistar rats, Kuper et al. (1988)observed a decrease in the body weight anddegenerative and hyperplastic change in thenasal mucosa when rats were exposed to300 ppm of propylene oxide. The investiga-tors have reported an increase in the inci-dence of malignant tumors in the mammaryglands and other sites in female rats.
Contact with its dilute aqueous solutionscan produce edema, blistering, and burns onthe skin. It is mutagenic in the Ames test anda suspected animal carcinogen. Its carcino-genicity in humans is not established. Omuraet al. (1994) reported dose-dependent testicu-lar toxicity of this compound in rats inducedfrom repeated intraperitoneal injections. Itsodor threshold is 200 ppm.

화재위험

Vapor is heavier than air and may travel considerable distance to source of ignition and flash back. Vapors form explosive mixture with air. If polymerization takes place in container, there may be a violent rupture of container. Explosion hazard is severe when exposed to flame. Violently reacts with acetylide- forming metals such as copper or copper alloys, ammonium hydroxide; chlorosulfonic acid; hydrochloric acid; hydrofluoric acid; nitric acid; oleum and sulfuric acid. Hazardous polymerization may occur. Avoid active catalytic surfaces such as anhydrous chlorides of iron, tin, and aluminum; peroxides of iron and aluminum; and alkali metal hydroxides, high temperatures; alkalies; aqueous acids; amines and acidic alcohols.

화학 반응

Reactivity with Water No reaction; Reactivity with Common Materials: No reactions; Stability During Transport: Stable; Neutralizing Agents for Acids and Caustics: Not pertinent; Polymerization: Polymerization can occur when this product is exposed to high temperatures or is contaminated with alkalies, aqueous acids, amines, and acidic alcohols; Inhibitor of Polymerization: Not pertinent.

공업 용도

Propylene oxide finds its largest use as chemical intermediates. It reacts readily with dilute amounts of mineral acids (e.g., hydrochloric acid) to form the chlorohydrin addition product. This reactivity with acid makes this epoxy solvent valuable acid acceptor-type stabilizers for several chlorinated solvents. Trace amounts of hydrogen chloride from chlorinated solvent degradation are immediately neutralized by reaction with the propylene oxide stabilizer. Reaction of propylene oxide with an alcohol or phenol in the presence of an acid catalyst yields the monoether of propylene glycol.

색상 색인 번호

Propylene oxide is an allergic and irritant agent, used as a solvent and raw material in the chemical industry, as the starting material and intermediate for a broad spectrum of polymers. It can be used as a dehydrating agent for the preparation of slides in electron microscopy. Occupational dermatitis was also reported following the use of a skin disinfectant swab.

Safety Profile

Confirmed carcinogen with experimental carcinogenic, neoplastigenic, and tumorigenic data. Poison by intraperitoneal route. Moderately toxic by ingestion, inhalation, and skin contact. An experimental teratogen. Experimental reproductive effects. Human mutation data reported. A severe skin and eye irritant. Flammable liquid. A very dangerous fire and explosion hazard when exposed to heat or flame. Explosive reaction with epoxy resin and sodium hydroxide. Forms explosive mixtures with oxygen. Reacts with ethylene oxide + polyhydric alcohol to form the thermally unstable polyether alcohol. Incompatible with NH4OH, chlorosulfonic acid, HCl, HF, HNO3, oleum, H2SO4. Dangerous; can react vigorously with oxidizing materials. Keep away from heat and open flame. To fight fire, use alcohol foam, CO2, dry chemical. When heated to decomposition it emits acrid smoke and fumes.

잠재적 노출

Propylene oxide is used as an interme- diate in the production of polyether polyols and propylene glycol; as a fumigant; in the production of adducts as ure- thane foam ingredients; in detergent manufacture; as a component in brake fluids.

Carcinogenicity

Propylene oxide is reasonably anticipated to be a human carcinogenbased on sufficient evidence of carcinogenicity from studies in experimental animals.

환경귀착

Biological. Bridié et al. (1979) reported BOD and COD values of 0.17 and 1.77 g/g using filtered effluent from a biological sanitary waste treatment plant. These values were determined using a standard dilution method at 20 °C for a 5 d period. When a sewage seed was used in a separate screening test, a BOD value of 0.20 g/g was obtained. The ThOD for propylene oxide is 2.21 g/g.
Photolytic. Anticipated products from the reaction of propylene oxide with ozone or OH radicals in the atmosphere are formaldehyde, pyruvic acid, CH3C(O)OCHO, and HC(O)OCHO (Cupitt, 1980). An experimentally determined reaction rate constant of 5.2 x 10^-13 cm³/molecule?sec was reported for the gas phase reaction of propylene oxide with OH radicals (Güsten et al., 1981).
Chemical/Physical. The reported hydrolysis half-life for the conversion of propylene oxide to 1,2-propanediol in water at 25 °C and pH 7 is 14.6 d (Mabey and Mill, 1978). The second-order hydrolysis rate constant of propylene oxide in 3.98 mM perchloric acid and 36.3 °C is 0.124/M?sec (Kirkovsky et al., 1998).
May polymerize at high temperatures or on contact with alkalies, aqueous acids, amines, and acid alcohols (NIOSH, 1997).
At an influent concentration of 1.0 g/L, treatment with GAC resulted in an effluent concentration of 739 mg/L. The adsorbability of the GAC used was 52 mg/g carbon (Guisti et al., 1974).

저장

Propylene oxide is stored in a flammableliquid cabinet isolated from combustible andoxidizable materials. It is shipped in glassbottles and metal containers under a nitrogenatmosphere.

운송 방법

UN1280 Propylene oxide, Hazard Class: 3; Labels: 3-Flammable liquid

Purification Methods

Dry the oxide with Na2SO4 or CaH2 and fractionally distil it through a packed column (glass helices), after refluxing with Na, CaH2, or KOH pellets. [Beilstein 17 I 4, 17 II 131, 17 III/IV 17, 17/1 V 17.] The R(+)enantiomer [15448-47-2] and the S(-)enantiomer [16088-62-3] have b 33-34o/atm and [] 20 ±14.6o (neat). [Beilstein 17/1 V 17.]

비 호환성

Vapors may form explosive mixture with air. Reacts with strong oxidizers, anhydrous metal chlor- ides; chlorine, iron, strong acids; caustics and peroxides. Polymerization may occur due to high temperatures or con- tamination with alkalis, aqueous acids; amines, metal chlor- ides; and acidic alcohols. Attacks some plastics, coatings and rubber.

폐기물 처리

Concentrated waste contain- ing no peroxides-discharge liquid at a controlled rate near a pilot flame. Concentrated waste containing peroxides- perforation of a container of the waste from a safe distance followed by open burning

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산화프로필렌 공급 업체

공급자	전화	이메일	국가	제품 수	이점
Hebei Mojin Biotechnology Co., Ltd	+8613288715578	sales@hbmojin.com	China	12456	58
Henan Fengda Chemical Co., Ltd	+86-371-86557731 +86-13613820652	info@fdachem.com	China	7845	58
Henan Tianfu Chemical Co.,Ltd.	+86-0371-55170693 +86-19937530512	info@tianfuchem.com	China	21691	55
SHANDONG ZHI SHANG CHEMICAL CO.LTD	+86 18953170293	sales@sdzschem.com	China	2931	58
Hubei Jusheng Technology Co.,Ltd.	18871490254	linda@hubeijusheng.com	CHINA	28180	58
Jinan Finer Chemical Co., Ltd	+86-531-88989536 +86-15508631887	sales@finerchem.com	China	2967	58
Hebei Guanlang Biotechnology Co., Ltd.	+86-19930503282	alice@crovellbio.com	China	8823	58
Xi'an Kono chem co., Ltd.,	029-86107037 13289246953	info@konochemical.com	China	2995	58
Hubei xin bonus chemical co. LTD	86-13657291602	linda@hubeijusheng.com	CHINA	22968	58
Shandong chuangyingchemical Co., Ltd.	18853181302	sale@chuangyingchem.com	CHINA	5909	58

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