암모니아(가스)
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암모니아(가스) 속성
- 녹는점
- −78 °C(lit.)
- 끓는 점
- 60 °C
- 밀도
- 1.023 g/mL at 25 °C
- 증기 밀도
- 0.6 (vs air)
- 증기압
- 8.75 atm ( 21 °C)
- 인화점
- 52 °F
- 저장 조건
- 0-6°C
- 용해도
- 에탄올(95%) 및 물과 혼합됩니다.
- 물리적 상태
- 액체
- 산도 계수 (pKa)
- 38(at 25℃)
- 색상
- 무색의
- 냄새
- 17ppm에서 감지 가능한 강렬한 자극성 냄새
- Odor Threshold
- 1.5ppm
- 폭발한계
- 25%
- ?? ??
- 암모니아의
- 수용성
- 녹는
- 감도
- Hygroscopic
- Merck
- 14,492
- BRN
- 3587154
- Henry's Law Constant
- 1.31 at 0 °C, 2.92 at 20 °C (droplet train apparatus, Shi et al., 1999)
- Dielectric constant
- 25.0(-59℃)
- 노출 한도
- TLV-TWA 25 ppm (~18 mg/m3) (ACGIH and MSHA), 50 ppm (OSHA); STEL 35 ppm; IDLH 500 ppm (NIOSH).
- 안정성
- Stable. Hygroscopic. Flammable. Incompatible with acids, strong oxidizing agents. May react violently with acids, aldehydes, alkylene oxides, amides, boron, boron halides, calcium, chlorine azide, chloric acid, chlorine monoxide, chlorites, halogens, heavy metals and many other materials - check the complete data sheet before use!
- LogP
- 0.23 at 20℃
- CAS 데이터베이스
- 7664-41-7(CAS DataBase Reference)
- NIST
- Ammonia(7664-41-7)
안전
- 위험 및 안전 성명
- 위험 및 사전주의 사항 (GHS)
위험품 표기 | F,N,T,Xn | ||
---|---|---|---|
위험 카페고리 넘버 | 11-20-36/37/38-67-39/23/24/25-23/24/25-10-50-34-23-36-66-40-36/37-19 | ||
안전지침서 | 26-7-45-36/37/39-16-9-61-36/37 | ||
유엔번호(UN No.) | UN 1219 3/PG 2 | ||
WGK 독일 | 2 | ||
RTECS 번호 | BO0875000 | ||
자연 발화 온도 | 690 °C | ||
TSCA | Yes | ||
DOT ClassificationII | 2.2 (Non-flammable gas) | ||
위험 등급 | 3 | ||
포장분류 | II | ||
HS 번호 | 28141000 | ||
유해 물질 데이터 | 7664-41-7(Hazardous Substances Data) | ||
독성 | LD50 oral (rat) 350 mg/kg LC50 inhal (rat) 2000 ppm (4 h) PEL (OSHA) 35 ppm (27 mg/m3) TLV-TWA (ACGIH) 25 ppm (17 mg/m3) STEL (ACGIH) 35 ppm (27 mg/m3) |
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IDLA | 300 ppm | ||
기존화학 물질 | KE-01625 | ||
유해화학물질 필터링 | 97-1-184 | ||
사고대비 물질 필터링 | 44 | ||
함량 및 규제정보 | 물질구분: 유독물질; 혼합물(제품)함량정보: 암모니아 및 이를 10% 이상 함유한 혼합물 |
암모니아(가스) C화학적 특성, 용도, 생산
개요
Ammonia is a colorless, pungent-smelling gas that is one of the most important industrial inorganic chemicals. It is widely used in fertilizers, refrigerants, explosives, cleaning agents, and as a feedstock to produce numerous other chemicals. Ammonia ranks as one of the top 10 chemicals produced annually.화학적 성질
Ammonia is a colorless, strongly alkaline, and extremely soluble gas with a pungent, suffocating odor.Strong ammonia solution occurs as a clear, colorless liquid having an exceedingly pungent, characteristic odor. It is lighter than air, and is formed as a result of the decomposition of most nitrogenous organic materials. The PhEur 6.0 states that concentrated ammonia solution contains not less than 25.0% and not more than 30.0% w/w of ammonia (NH3). The USP32– NF27 states that strong ammonia solution contains not less than 27.0% and not more than 31.0% w/w of ammonia (NH3).
Anhydrous ammonia, a major commercial chemical, is used in the manufacture of fertilizers, HN03, acrylonitrile, and other products, and as an electrolytic solvent.
물리적 성질
Colorless gas with a penetrating, pungent, suffocating odor. An experimentally determined odor threshold concentration of 45.8 ppmv was reported by Leonardos et al. (1969). A detection odor threshold concentration of 11.6 mg/m3 (16.7 ppmv) was experimentally determined by Nishida et al. (1974).역사
During the Middle Ages ammonia was produced by the distillation of animal dung, hooves, and horn. Its preparation from horn gave it another name: spirit of hartshorn. Joseph Priestley (1733–1804) isolated ammonia in 1774 and called the compound alkaline air. The modern name ammonia was given to the compound in 1782 by the Swedish chemist Torbern Bergman (1735–1784). The exact chemical composition was determined by Claude-Louis Berthollet (1748–1822) in 1785. During the 19th century ammonia was obtained from the distillation of coal tar. The importance of nitrogen fertilizers in agriculture was established during the mid-1800s, and this coupled with the growth of the chemical industry provided incentive to find a method for fixing nitrogen.용도
Ammonia is a large-tonnage industrial product and finds its major use in the manufacture of nitric acid and fertilizers. It is the most commonly used refrigerant, particularly for large industrial installations.정의
ChEBI: An azane that consists of a single nitrogen atom covelently bonded to three hydrogen atoms.생산 방법
Ammonia is obtained commercially chiefly by synthesis from its constituent elements, nitrogen and hydrogen, which are combined under high pressure and temperature in the presence of a catalyst. Ammonia solution is produced by dissolving ammonia gas in water.일반 설명
The product is a 0.4 M solution of ammonia in dioxane. Ammonia is a colorless gas with a characteristic strong odor. It is highly soluble in water, alcohol, chloroform and ether. It is extensively sold in the form of solution.1 Ammonia molecule is pyramidal in shape with nitrogen in the center and the three hydrogen atoms along the three vertices and the lone pair of electrons on the fourth vertex. Ammonia solution is commonly used as a base.공기와 물의 반응
Soluble in water with evolution of heat. The amount of heat generated may be large.반응 프로필
AMMONIA is a base. Reacts exothermically with all acids. Violent reactions are possible. Readily combines with silver oxide or mercury to form compounds that explode on contact with halogens. When in contact with chlorates Ammonia forms explosive ammonium chlorate [Kirk-Othmer, 3rd ed., Vol. 2, 1978, p. 470]. Reacts violently or produces explosive products with fluorine, chlorine, bromine and iodine and some of the interhalogen compounds (bromine pentafluoride, chlorine trifluoride). Mixing of bleaching powder (hypochlorite solution) with ammonia solutions produces toxic/explosive ammonia trichloride vapors. Undergoes potentially violent or explosive reactions on contact with 1,2-dichloroethane (with liquid ammonia), boron halides, ethylene oxide (polymerization), perchlorates or strong oxidants (chromyl chloride, chromium trioxide, chromic acid, nitric acid, hydrogen peroxide, chlorates, fluorine, nitrogen oxide, liquid oxygen). Reacts with silver chloride, silver oxide, silver nitrate or silver azide to form the explosive silver nitride. May react with some heavy metal compounds (mercury, gold(III) chloride) to produce materials that may explode when dry. [Bretherick, 5th ed., 1995, p. 1553].위험도
Inhalation of concentrated fumes may be fatal. Moderate fire risk, explosive limits in air 16– 25%. Forms explosive compounds in contact with silver or mercury. Eye damage and upper respiratory tract irritant.건강위험
Ammonia is intensely irritating to the eyes,nose, and respiratory tract. Toxic effectsinclude lachrymation, respiratory distress,chest pain, and pulmonary edema. A concentration of 10 ppm may be detected by odor;irritation of eyes and nose is perceptible atabout 200 ppm. A few minutes of exposureto 3000 ppm can be intolerable, causing seri ous blistering of the skin, lung edema, andasphyxia, leading to death. It is corrosive toskin because it reacts with moisture to formcaustic ammonium hydroxide. Long expo sure may result in destruction of tissuesLC50 value, inhalation (mice): 4200 ppm/hr.
화재위험
Mixing of ammonia with several chemicals can cause severe fire hazards and/or explosions. Ammonia in container may explode in heat of fire. Incompatible with many materials including silver and gold salts, halogens, alkali metals, nitrogen trichloride, potassium chlorate, chromyl chloride, oxygen halides, acid vapors, azides, ethylene oxide, picric acid and many other chemicals. Mixing with other chemicals and water. Hazardous polymerization may not occur.인화성 및 폭발성
Ammonia vapor is slightly flammable (NFPA rating = 1) and ignites only with difficulty. Ammonia forms explosive mixtures with air in the range 16 to 25%. Water, carbon dioxide, or dry chemical extinguishers should be used for ammonia fires.Pharmaceutical Applications
Ammonia solution is typically not used undiluted in pharmaceutical applications. Generally, it is used as a buffering agent or to adjust the pH of solutions. Most commonly, ammonia solution (the concentrated form) is used to produce more dilute ammonia solutions.Therapeutically, dilute ammonia solution is used as a reflex stimulant in ‘smelling salts’, as a rubefacient, and as a counterirritant to neutralize insect bites or stings.
공업 용도
Ammonia (NH3) is an alkaline gas with a sharp, penetrating odor. Reacting nitrogen and hydrogen under pressure, in the presence of a catalyst, produces ammonia. Gaseous ammonia is flammable in air at concentrations of 15–28% by volume. Anhydrous liquid ammonia is a colorless liquid with a strong odor. Ammonia, because of its unique chemical properties to metal ions, is primarily used in hydrometallurgical processing. In the mineral processing industry, ammonia is rarely used as a pH regulator. There was only one operating plant in the world that used ammonia as a pH regulator in treatment of a copper/zinc ore.Materials Uses
Most common metals are not affected by dry ammonia. However, when combined with water vapor, ammonia will attack copper, zinc, or alloys containing copper as a major alloying element. Therefore, these materials should not be used in contact with ammonia. Certain hightensile- strength steel have developed stresscorrosion cracking in ammonia service, but such cracking can be prevented by the use of 0.2 percent water by weight in the ammonia as an inhibitor. Ammonia storage tanks and their valves and fittings are usually made of steel.Safety
Ingestion of strong solutions of ammonia is very harmful and causes severe pain in the mouth, throat, and gastrointestinal tract as well as severe local edema with cough, vomiting, and shock. Burns to the esophagus and stomach may result in perforation. Inhalation of the vapor causes sneezing, coughing, and, in high concentration, pulmonary edema. Asphyxia has been reported. The vapor is irritant to the eyes. Strong solutions are harmful when applied to the conjunctiva and mucous membranes. Topical application of even dilute ammonia solutions, used to treat insect bites, has caused burns, particularly when used with a subsequent dressing.When used as an excipient, ammonia solution is generally present in a formulation in a highly diluted form.
잠재적 노출
Ammonia is used as a nitrogen source for many nitrogen-containing compounds. It is used in the production of ammonium sulfate and ammonium nitrate for fertilizers; and in the manufacture of nitric acid, soda; synthetic urea, synthetic fibers; dyes; and plastics. It is also utilized as a refrigerant and in the petroleum refining and chemical industries. It is used in the production of many drugs and pesticides. Other sources of occupational exposure include the silvering of mirrors, gluemaking, tanning of leather; and around nitriding furnaces. Ammonia is produced as a by-product in coal distillation and by the action of steam on calcium cyanamide, and from the decomposition of nitrogenous materials.환경귀착
Chemical/Physical. Reacts violently with acetaldehyde, ethylene oxide, ethylene dichloride (Patnaik, 1992).Reacts with acids forming water soluble ammonium salts.
저장
On exposure to the air, ammonia solution rapidly loses ammonia. Ammonia solution should be stored in a well-closed container, protected from the air, in a cool, dry place. The storage temperature should not exceed 208℃.운송 방법
Shipped in tank cars, tank trucks, barges, and steel cylinders. Labeling and restrictions vary with concentration: NA1005 Ammonia, anhydrous, Hazard Class: 2.2; Labels: 2.2-Nonflammable compressed gas, Domestic (U.S.), Inhalation Hazard (Special Provision 13). UN1005 Ammonia, anhydrous, Hazard Class: 2.3; Labels: 2.3-Poison Gas, 8-Corrosive material International, Inhalation Hazard Zone D. UN2672 Ammonia solutions, relative density between 0.880 and 0.957 @ 15 C in water, with .10 % but NOT . 35 % ammonia, Hazard class: 8; Labels: 8-Corrosive material. UN2073 Ammonia solution, relative density less than 0.880 @ 15 C in water, with . 35% but NOT . 50% ammonia, Hazard Class: 2.2; Labels: 2.2-Nonflammable compressed gas. Note: Also used for Ammonium hydroxide, CAS1336-21-6, Record A:0110.Purification Methods
Dry the liquid, and store it, with sodium in a steel cylinder, then distil and condense it by means of liquid air, the non-condensable gases being pumped off. In order to obtain liquid NH3 from a cylinder, turn the cylinder upside-down (i.e. with the valve at the bottom, use a metal stand to secure it in this position) and lead a plastic tube from the tap to a measuring cylinder placed in an efficient fume cupboard which is kept running. Turn the tap on and allow the ammonia to be released. At first, gas and liquid will splatter out (make sure that the plastic tube is secure), but soon the liquid will drip into the measuring cylinder. The high latent heat of evaporation will cool the ammonia so that the liquid will remain cool and not boil vigorously. If the ammonia is required dry, the necessary precautions should be taken, i.e. the gas is allowed to flow through tubes packed with coarse CaO pellets. AMMONIA (gas, liquid or aqueous solution) is very irritating and should not be inhaled in any quantity as it can lead to olfactory paralysis (temporary or permanent).비 호환성
Ammonia solution reacts vigorously with sulfuric acid or other strong mineral acids and the reaction generates considerable heat; the mixture boils.폐기물 처리
Dilute with water, neutralize with HCl and discharge to sewer. Recovery is an option to disposal which should be considered for paper manufacture, textile treating, fertilizer manufacture and chemical process wastes.Regulatory Status
Included in the FDA Inactive Ingredients Database (oral suspensions, topical preparations). Included in nonparenteral medicines licensed in the UK. Included in the Canadian List of Acceptable Non-medicinal Ingredients.암모니아(가스) 준비 용품 및 원자재
원자재
Residuum
암모니아수
질소
구리
석탄 타르
5-Butyloxazolidine-2,4-dione
인산
Lubricating oil
망간 설페이트 모노하이드레이트
다이에탄올아민
AMMONIA SYNTHESIS CATALYST
METALLURGICAL COKE
타르타르산 칼륨 나트륨
하이드로퀴논
수소
아세트산(빙초산)
디젤 연료 1번
황산 망간
메탄
준비 용품
시트르산암모늄
노넨(시스-6-)-1-올
2-Amino-3-chloropyridine
(2-BUTYL-5-CHLORO-1H-IMIDAZOL-4-YL)METHANOL
GALLEIN
4-Amino-5-bromo-2-chloropyrimidine
2-Butyl-5-hydroxymethylimidazole
데소제스트렐
플루오르화암모늄
락타마이드
올레인산아미드
2-(5-BENZYLOXY-1H-INDOL-3-YL)-ETHYLAMINE
2-METHYLPROPANIMIDAMIDE HYDROCHLORIDE
1,2-DIAMINO-2-METHYLPROPANE
헬륨
메틸(2-)벤질아민
제논, 냉동 (저온 액체)
5-BENZYLOXYINDOLE-3-GLYOXYLAMIDE
숙시남산
1-메틸-4-(1-메틸에틸)-1,4-사이클로헥사디엔
6-BROMOISOBENZOFURAN-1(3H)-ONE
2-methoxymalonamide
디벤질아민
Isopropyl 3-aminocrotonate
Fe-Mn desulphurizer
수은 암모늄 염화물
암모늄 벤조에이트
칼슘 아질산염
2-AMINO-5,6-DIMETHYL-4-HYDROXYPYRIMIDINE
CIS-4-HEPTENAL
3,4,5,6-Tetrahydrophthalimide
구연산 암모늄, 삼염기
Z-(1)-ETHOXY-(2)-(TRIBUTYLSTANNYL)ETHYLEN
4-Amino-3-chloropyridine
5-Aminouracil
2-Chloro-6-methylpyrimidin-4-ylamine
6-CHLOROISOBENZOFURAN-1(3H)-ONE
3-Aminoquinoline
2-Methyl-1-butanethiol
diammonium tetrachloromercurate
암모니아(가스) 공급 업체
글로벌( 516)공급 업체
공급자 | 전화 | 이메일 | 국가 | 제품 수 | 이점 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ARCTIC EXPORTS INC | +1-3026880818 +1-3026880818 |
ARCTICEXPORTSINC@GMAIL.COM | Canada | 67 | 58 |
Henan Tianfu Chemical Co.,Ltd. | +86-0371-55170693 +86-19937530512 |
info@tianfuchem.com | China | 21695 | 55 |
SHANDONG ZHI SHANG CHEMICAL CO.LTD | +86 18953170293 |
sales@sdzschem.com | China | 2931 | 58 |
Hubei Jusheng Technology Co.,Ltd. | 18871490254 |
linda@hubeijusheng.com | CHINA | 28180 | 58 |
Hubei xin bonus chemical co. LTD | 86-13657291602 |
linda@hubeijusheng.com | CHINA | 22968 | 58 |
Shanghai Longyu Biotechnology Co., Ltd. | +8615821988213 |
info@longyupharma.com | China | 2531 | 58 |
CONIER CHEM AND PHARMA LIMITED | +8618523575427 |
sales@conier.com | China | 47465 | 58 |
career henan chemical co | +86-0371-86658258 15093356674; |
factory@coreychem.com | China | 29826 | 58 |
Hefei TNJ Chemical Industry Co.,Ltd. | 0551-65418671 |
sales@tnjchem.com | China | 34572 | 58 |
Dideu Industries Group Limited | +86-29-89586680 +86-15129568250 |
1026@dideu.com | China | 29474 | 58 |
암모니아(가스) 관련 검색:
아조트리오남 2'-플루오로아세트아닐라이드 3,5-비스(트리플로오르메틸)아닐린 D-페닐알라니놀 DL-알라닌 DL-메티오닌 D-알라닌 1,1,1-트리메틸-N-(트리메틸실릴)실란아민, 암모니아, 옥타메틸사이클로테트라실록산과 실리카와의 반응 생성
3,5-Bis(trifluoromethyl)benzonitrile
4-Bromo-N,N-dimethylaniline
Benzyl isocyanide
SALCOMINE
4'-Bromoacetanilide
2,5-Bis(trifluoromethyl)nitrobenzene
1,1,3,3-TETRAMETHYLBUTYL ISOCYANIDE
DICHLORO(ETHYLENEDIAMINE)PLATINUM(II)
2-Mercaptoacetamide (in Methanolic Ammonia Solution 10g/100ml approx.)
TERT-BUTYL ISOCYANIDE