CD215 antibody targets the CD215 antigen, also known as the interleukin-2 receptor β-chain (IL2RB), a key component of the interleukin-2 (IL-2) and interleukin-15 (IL-15) receptor complexes. IL2RB is a type I transmembrane protein that pairs with the common γ-chain (γc, CD132) to form intermediate-affinity receptors for IL-2 and IL-15. In combination with the α-chain (CD25), it forms the high-affinity IL-2 receptor critical for T cell activation and regulatory T cell (Treg) function. CD215 is expressed on immune cells, including activated T cells, natural killer (NK) cells, and memory T cells, playing a central role in lymphocyte proliferation, survival, and immune homeostasis.
Research on CD215 antibodies has focused on their therapeutic and diagnostic potential. In autoimmune diseases and transplant rejection, blocking IL2RB signaling may suppress pathological immune responses. Conversely, in cancer immunotherapy, enhancing IL-2/IL-15 signaling through CD215 could boost antitumor immunity by promoting NK and cytotoxic T cell activity. CD215 antibodies are also used as tools to study receptor dynamics, ligand binding, and downstream signaling pathways like JAK-STAT. Challenges include balancing therapeutic efficacy with potential side effects, such as unintended immune activation or suppression. Recent advances in antibody engineering have improved specificity and reduced off-target effects, positioning CD215-targeting agents as promising candidates for modulating immune responses in clinical settings.