PRG2 (Proteoglycan 2), also known as eosinophil major basic protein (MBP), is a cationic protein primarily stored in the granules of eosinophils, a type of white blood cell involved in immune responses against parasites and allergic reactions. It plays a dual role: as a cytotoxic mediator, PRG2 directly damages pathogens and host tissues by disrupting cell membranes, contributing to the pathogenesis of inflammatory and allergic diseases such as asthma, atopic dermatitis, and eosinophilic disorders. Additionally, PRG2 can activate immune cells (e.g., mast cells, basophils) and promote tissue remodeling by modulating extracellular matrix components.
Antibodies targeting PRG2 are valuable tools in research and diagnostics. They enable the detection and quantification of PRG2 in biological samples (e.g., via ELISA, immunohistochemistry, or Western blot), aiding in the study of eosinophil activity and disease mechanisms. Clinically, PRG2 antibodies may help diagnose eosinophil-associated conditions or monitor disease progression. Therapeutic applications are also being explored, such as neutralizing PRG2’s cytotoxic effects to mitigate tissue damage in chronic inflammation. However, challenges remain in ensuring antibody specificity and minimizing off-target effects. Overall, PRG2 antibodies bridge basic research and translational medicine, offering insights into eosinophil biology and potential treatments for immune-mediated diseases.