NREP (Neuron-Derived Regeneration-Related Protein), also known as MRLP or C4orf7. is a conserved protein encoded by the *NREP* gene in humans. Initially identified for its role in neuronal regeneration, it has since been linked to broader cellular processes, including tissue repair, cell migration, and cancer progression. Structurally, NREP contains an EF-hand calcium-binding domain and a PDZ-binding motif, suggesting involvement in calcium signaling and protein-protein interactions.
NREP is ubiquitously expressed, with higher levels in the brain, heart, and skeletal muscles. It regulates pathways like TGF-β, MAPK, and Wnt, influencing epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and extracellular matrix remodeling. In neural contexts, NREP promotes axonal growth and synaptic plasticity, potentially aiding recovery after injury. Conversely, its upregulation in cancers (e.g., breast, colorectal, gastric) correlates with enhanced metastasis, chemoresistance, and poor prognosis, likely via EMT activation and stromal interaction.
Antibodies targeting NREP are critical tools for studying its expression, localization, and function. They enable detection in immunoassays (Western blot, IHC) and functional studies (knockdown/overexpression experiments). Recent research explores NREP as a therapeutic target, with antibodies potentially blocking its pro-metastatic effects or enhancing regenerative pathways. However, its dual roles in regeneration and cancer necessitate context-specific investigation. Ongoing studies aim to clarify NREP's mechanistic nuances and therapeutic potential across diseases.