The interferon lambda receptor 1 (IFNLR1), also known as IL-28Rα, is a key component of the type III interferon (IFN-λ) signaling pathway. It belongs to the class II cytokine receptor family and forms a heterodimeric complex with IL-10Rβ to mediate cellular responses to IFN-λ cytokines (IFN-λ1. λ2. λ3. and λ4). IFNLR1 is primarily expressed on epithelial cells and specific immune cells, particularly at mucosal surfaces such as the respiratory tract, liver, and intestines, where it plays a critical role in antiviral defense and immune regulation.
Antibodies targeting IFNLR1 are essential tools for studying its expression, function, and signaling mechanisms. Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against IFNLR1 are widely used in immunohistochemistry, flow cytometry, and Western blotting to map tissue-specific receptor distribution or assess receptor modulation during infections, autoimmune diseases, or cancer. Therapeutic anti-IFNLR1 antibodies are also under investigation for conditions like fibrosis, chronic viral infections (e.g., hepatitis B/C), or inflammatory disorders, where dysregulated IFN-λ signaling contributes to pathology.
Research highlights IFNLR1's unique role in balancing antiviral activity with reduced inflammatory toxicity compared to type I IFNs, making it a promising therapeutic target. Antibody-based blockade or agonism of IFNLR1 may fine-tune this pathway to improve clinical outcomes. Recent studies also explore IFNLR1 polymorphisms linked to disease susceptibility, underscoring its biomedical relevance.