ADORA1 (adenosine A1 receptor) is a G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) that binds adenosine, a purine nucleoside involved in regulating various physiological processes. Primarily expressed in the brain, heart, kidneys, and adipose tissue, ADORA1 plays a key role in modulating neurotransmission, cardiovascular function, and metabolic homeostasis. Activation of ADORA1 inhibits adenylyl cyclase activity, reduces cAMP levels, and regulates ion channel activity, leading to effects such as neuroprotection, vasoconstriction, and anti-lipolytic actions. Dysregulation of ADORA1 signaling has been implicated in conditions like epilepsy, ischemia-reperfusion injury, and metabolic disorders.
ADORA1 antibodies are essential tools for studying the receptor’s expression, localization, and function. These antibodies are typically developed using immunogenic peptides corresponding to specific regions (e.g., extracellular loops or C-terminus) of the human or murine ADORA1 protein. They enable techniques such as Western blotting, immunohistochemistry, and flow cytometry to quantify receptor levels in tissues or cells. Validation often involves knockout controls or ligand-blocking assays to ensure specificity. Research applications include exploring ADORA1’s role in disease mechanisms, drug development (e.g., targeting ADORA1 for cardioprotective or neuroprotective therapies), and understanding receptor trafficking or dimerization. Challenges include cross-reactivity with other adenosine receptor subtypes (e.g., ADORA2A) due to structural similarities, emphasizing the need for rigorous antibody validation.