**Background of ETFβ Antibody**
The Electron Transfer Flavoprotein Beta subunit (ETFβ) is a critical component of the mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC), functioning as a heterodimer with ETFα to shuttle electrons from fatty acid and amino acid oxidation to the respiratory chain via ETF-ubiquinone oxidoreductase (ETF-QO). ETFβ binds flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) and facilitates electron transfer from dehydrogenases to ubiquinone, linking β-oxidation and the ETC.
Mutations in the *ETFB* gene are associated with genetic disorders like glutaric acidemia type II (GAII), a metabolic disorder characterized by impaired fatty acid and amino acid catabolism, leading to acidosis, hypoglycemia, and organ dysfunction. ETFβ antibodies are essential tools in research to study ETFβ expression, localization, and dysfunction in metabolic diseases. These antibodies enable techniques such as Western blotting, immunohistochemistry, and immunofluorescence to assess protein levels in tissues or cell models, aiding in the diagnosis and mechanistic study of mitochondrial disorders.
Commercial ETFβ antibodies are typically raised in rabbits or mice using peptide antigens derived from conserved regions of the human ETFβ protein. Specific validation includes testing on knockout controls or tissues with known ETFβ deficiencies. Their applications extend to exploring metabolic pathways, drug development, and understanding the role of mitochondrial dysfunction in aging, neurodegeneration, and cancer.