CCL3 (C-C motif chemokine ligand 3), also known as macrophage inflammatory protein-1 alpha (MIP-1α), is a small cytokine belonging to the CC chemokine family. It plays a critical role in inflammatory and immune responses by recruiting and activating immune cells, including monocytes, neutrophils, and T lymphocytes, through interactions with chemokine receptors CCR1. CCR4. and CCR5. CCL3 is implicated in various pathological conditions, such as chronic inflammation, autoimmune diseases, HIV infection, and cancer progression, where it contributes to leukocyte infiltration, tissue remodeling, and tumor microenvironment modulation.
Antibodies targeting CCL3 are essential tools for research and therapeutic development. These antibodies, often monoclonal or polyclonal, are designed to specifically detect or neutralize CCL3 in experimental settings, including ELISA, Western blotting (WB), immunohistochemistry (IHC), and flow cytometry. Neutralizing CCL3 antibodies can block its interaction with receptors, potentially mitigating inflammation, reducing viral replication (e.g., HIV), or inhibiting tumor growth and metastasis. Additionally, CCL3 antibodies are used to study its expression patterns and regulatory mechanisms in disease models, aiding in biomarker discovery and therapeutic target validation. Recent studies also explore their potential in immunotherapy, particularly in modulating immune cell trafficking within tumors or inflamed tissues.