Hydroxyacid oxidase 1 (HAO1) antibody is a tool used to detect HAO1. an enzyme encoded by the HAO1 gene in humans. HAO1. also known as glycolate oxidase, is a peroxisomal enzyme primarily involved in the catabolism of glycolate and other 2-hydroxy acids. It catalyzes the oxidation of glycolate to glyoxylate, a critical step in the metabolism of hydroxy acids and the detoxification of glycolate. Dysregulation of HAO1 activity is linked to primary hyperoxaluria type 3 (PH3), a rare metabolic disorder characterized by excessive oxalate production, leading to kidney stones and renal damage. HAO1 antibodies are widely used in research to study the enzyme's expression, localization, and function in various tissues, particularly in the liver and kidneys, where HAO1 is most abundant. These antibodies aid in immunohistochemistry, western blotting, and immunofluorescence to investigate HAO1's role in metabolic pathways and disease mechanisms. Additionally, HAO1 antibodies contribute to exploring potential therapeutic strategies for hyperoxaluria and other disorders associated with peroxisomal dysfunction. Recent studies also suggest HAO1's involvement in cancer and metabolic syndromes, expanding its relevance beyond inherited disorders. Commercially available HAO1 antibodies are typically produced in hosts like rabbits or mice, targeting specific epitopes within the enzyme's conserved domains. Validation of these antibodies includes testing for specificity and cross-reactivity to ensure accurate detection in experimental models.