Cyanogeniodid Chemische Eigenschaften,Einsatz,Produktion Methoden
ERSCHEINUNGSBILD
WEISSE KRISTALLE MIT STECHENDEM GERUCH.
CHEMISCHE GEFAHREN
Zersetzung bei Kontakt mit Säuren, Basen, Ammoniak, Alkoholen und beim Erhitzen unter Bildung giftiger Gase mit Cyanwasserstoff. Reagiert mit Kohlendioxid oder langsam mit Wasser unter Bildung von Cyanwasserstoff.
ARBEITSPLATZGRENZWERTE
TLV nicht festgelegt (ACGIH 2005).
Zersetzung in feuchter Luft führt zu Cyanwasserstofffreisetzung: TLV: (für Cyanwasserstoff und einige Cyanidsalze, als CN) 4.7 ppm (als STEL, ceiling); Hautresorption; (ACGIH 2005).
MAK: (als CN) (Einatembare Fraktion) 2 mg/m? Spitzenbegrenzung: überschreitungsfaktor II (1); Hautresorption; Schwangerschaft: Gruppe C; (DFG 2005).
AUFNAHMEWEGE
Aufnahme in den Körper durch Inhalation des Aerosols, über die Haut und durch Verschlucken.
INHALATIONSGEFAHREN
Eine gesundheitsschädliche Partikelkonzentration in der Luft kann beim Dispergieren schnell erreicht werden.
WIRKUNGEN BEI KURZZEITEXPOSITION
WIRKUNGEN BEI KURZZEITEXPOSITION: Die Substanz reizt stark die Augen, die Haut und die Atemwege. Möglich sind Auswirkungen auf die Zellatmung mit nachfolgenden Krämpfen und Bewusstlosigkeit. Exposition kann zum Tod führen. ärztliche Beobachtung notwendig (s. Anm.).
WIRKUNGEN NACH WIEDERHOLTER ODER LANGZEITEXPOSITION
Möglich sind Auswirkungen auf die Schilddrüse.
LECKAGE
Gefahrenbereich verlassen! Fachmann zu Rate ziehen! Persönliche Schutzausrüstung: Vollschutzanzug mit umgebungsluftunabhängigem Atemschutzgerät. Belüftung. Verschüttetes Material in abdichtbaren Behältern sammeln. Reste sorgfältig sammeln. An sicheren Ort bringen. NICHT in die Umwelt gelangen lassen.
Chemische Eigenschaften
Iodine cyanide (cyanogen iodide) appears as light pink crystalline or brown-coloured powder and is soluble in water. It is stable but sensitive to light. It is incompatible with strong acids, strong bases, and strong oxidising agents. Cyanogen iodide decomposes on contact with acids, bases, and ammonia alcohols and on heating producing toxic gases including hydrogen cyanide. It reacts with carbon dioxide or slowly with water to produce hydrogen cyanide.
Verwenden
Generally for destroying all lower forms of life. In taxidermy for preserving insects, butterflies, etc.
Allgemeine Beschreibung
White needles with a very pungent odor. Used in taxidermists' preservatives and generally for destroying all lower forms of life. Toxic by inhalation or ingestion.
Air & Water Reaktionen
Water soluble.
Reaktivität anzeigen
Phosphorus(molten) plus CYANOGEN IODIDE reacts with incandescence to produce phosphorus iodide, [NFPA 491M, 1991]. Benzene and cyanogen halides yield HCl as a byproduct (Hagedorn, F. H. Gelbke, and Federal Republic of Germany. 2002. Nitriles. In Ullman Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA.).
Health Hazard
Cyanogen bromide is a highly poisonous substance. Toxic routes are oral intake and skin absorption. Acute toxic symptoms on test animals were convulsion, paralysis, and respiratory failure. Ingestion of a 5-g amount could be fatal to humans.
LDLo value, oral (cats): 18 mg/kg
LDLo value, subcutaneous (dogs): 19 mg/kg
Cyanogen iodide is an irritant to skin.
Brandgefahr
When heated to decomposition, CYANOGEN IODIDE emits very toxic fumes of nitrogen oxides, cyanide, and iodide. Avoid phosphorus.
Sicherheitsprofil
A poison by ingestion
and subcutaneous routes. Violent reaction
with P. See other cyanogen entries;
CYANIDE and IOdiDES. When heated to
decomposition it emits very toxic fumes of
NOx, CN-, and I-
mögliche Exposition
Reacts slowly with water releasing
hydrogen cyanide. Incompatible with phosphorus (molten);
reacts with incandescence to produce phosphorus
iodide
. Contact with alcohols, acids, ammonia,
carbon dioxide or alkaline material and bases produces
toxic gases including hydrogen cyanide. Incompatible with
nitriles.
Versand/Shipping
UN2928 Toxic solids, corrosive, organic, n.o.s.,
Hazard Class: 6.1; Labels: 6.1-Poisonous materials,
8-Corrosive material, Technical Name Required. UN3290
Toxic solid, corrosive, inorganic, n.o.s., Hazard class: 6.1;
Labels: 6.1-Poisonous materials, 8-Corrosive material.
UN1588 Cyanides, inorganic, solid, n.o.s., Hazard Class:
6.1; Labels: 6.1-Poisonous materials
läuterung methode
This compound is POISONOUS, and the precautions for cyanogen bromide (above) apply here. The reagent (ca 5.9g) is dissolved in boiling CHCl3 (15mL), filtered through a plug of glass wool into a 25mL Erlenmeyer flask. Cool to room temperature for 15minutes, then place it in an ice-salt bath and cool to -10o. This cooling causes a small aqueous layer to separate as ice. The ice is filtered with the CNI, but melts on the filter and is also removed with the CHCl3 used as washing liquid. The CNI which is collected on a sintered glass funnel is washed 3x with CHCl3 (1.5mL at 0o) and freed from last traces of solvent by placing it on a watch glass and exposing it to the atmosphere in a good fume cupboard at room temperature for 1hour to give colourless needles (ca 4.5g), m 146-147o (sealed capillary totally immersed in the oil bath). The yield depends slightly on the rapidity of the operation; in this way loss by sublimation can be minimised. If desired, it can be sublimed under reduced pressure at temperatures at which CNI is only slowly decomposed into I2 and (CN)2. The vacuum will need to be renewed constantly due to the volatility of CNI. [Bak & Hillebert Org Synth Coll Vol IV 207 1963.]
Inkompatibilitäten
Reacts slowly with water releasing
hydrogen cyanide. Incompatible with phosphorus (molten);
reacts with incandescence to produce phosphorus
iodide
. Contact with alcohols, acids, ammonia,
carbon dioxide or alkaline material and bases produces
toxic gases including hydrogen cyanide. Incompatible with
nitriles.
Waste disposal
A suitable method for destroying cyanogen iodide may consist of treatment with caustic soda, followed by adding sodium hypochlorite (laundry bleach) to oxidize the cyanide to nontoxic cyanate.
Cyanogeniodid Upstream-Materialien And Downstream Produkte
Upstream-Materialien
Downstream Produkte
