Wasserstoffperoxid

Wasserstoffperoxid Chemische Eigenschaften,Einsatz,Produktion Methoden

ERSCHEINUNGSBILD

FARBLOSE FLüSSIGKEIT.

CHEMISCHE GEFAHREN

Zersetzung beim Erwärmen oder unter Einfluss von Licht unter Bildung von Sauerstoff. Erhöhte Feuergefahr. Starkes Oxidationsmittel. Reagiert sehr heftig mit brennbaren und reduzierenden Stoffen unter Feuer- und Explosionsgefahr, besonders in Gegenwart von Metallen. Greift viele organischen Materialien an, z.B. Textilien und Papier.

ARBEITSPLATZGRENZWERTE

TLV: 1 ppm (als TWA) Krebskategorie A3 (bestätigte krebserzeugende Wirkung beim Tier mit unbekannter Bedeutung für den Menschen); (ACGIH 2005).
MAK: 0,5 ppm 0,71 mg/m? Spitzenbegrenzung: überschreitungsfaktor I(1); Krebserzeugend Kategorie 4; Schwangerschaft: Gruppe C; (DFG 2005).

AUFNAHMEWEGE

Aufnahme in den Körper durch Inhalation der Dämpfe und durch Verschlucken.

INHALATIONSGEFAHREN

Beim Verdampfen bei 20°C kann schnell eine gesundheitsschädliche Kontamination der Luft eintreten.

WIRKUNGEN BEI KURZZEITEXPOSITION

WIRKUNGEN BEI KURZZEITEXPOSITION:
Die Substanz verätzt die Augen und die Haut. Der Dampf reizt die Atemwege. IBeim Verschlucken können sich Sauerstoffblasen im Blut (Embolie) mit nachfolgendem Schock bilden.

WIRKUNGEN NACH WIEDERHOLTER ODER LANGZEITEXPOSITION

Risiko der Lungenschädigung bei Inhalation hoher Konzentrationen. Möglich sind Auswirkungen auf die Haare (Bleichwirkung).

LECKAGE

Belüftung. Verschüttete Flüssigkeit mit viel Wasser wegspülen. NICHT mit Sägemehl oder anderen brennbaren Absorptionsmitteln binden. NICHT in die Umwelt gelangen lassen. Persönliche Schutzausrüstung: Chemikalienschutzanzug mit umgebungsluftunabhängigem Atemschutzgerät.

R-Sätze Betriebsanweisung:

R22:Gesundheitsschädlich beim Verschlucken.
R41:Gefahr ernster Augenschäden.
R37/38:Reizt die Atmungsorgane und die Haut.
R34:Verursacht Verätzungen.
R20/22:Gesundheitsschädlich beim Einatmen und Verschlucken.
R8:Feuergefahr bei Berührung mit brennbaren Stoffen.

S-Sätze Betriebsanweisung:

S26:Bei Berührung mit den Augen sofort gründlich mit Wasser abspülen und Arzt konsultieren.
S39:Schutzbrille/Gesichtsschutz tragen.
S45:Bei Unfall oder Unwohlsein sofort Arzt zuziehen (wenn möglich, dieses Etikett vorzeigen).
S36/37/39:Bei der Arbeit geeignete Schutzkleidung,Schutzhandschuhe und Schutzbrille/Gesichtsschutz tragen.
S17:Von brennbaren Stoffen fernhalten.

Aussehen Eigenschaften

H2O2, Perhydrol 35 %ig in Wasser.

Gefahren für Mensch und Umwelt

Reagiert heftig mit Alkalimetallen, -salzen, -hydroxiden, Metallen (-in Pulverform), Metalloxiden, Aldehyden, Alkoholen, Aminen, Ammoniak, Kohlenstoff, Hydrazin, Hydriden, brennb. Stoffen, Ethern, Säuren, Anhydriden, Oxidationsmitteln, org. Stoffen
entwickelt Ätzwirkung auf Haut, Schleimhäute und Augen. Hautkontakt führt zur Ausbleichung, Verschlucken bewirkt starke Leibschmerzen/Übelkeit u. Erbrechen. Bei Großen Mengen Gefahr des Magendurchbruchs, Dämpfe/Aerosole verursachen Reizung von Augen/Atemwegen/Lungen
In hohen Konzentrationen Giftwirkung auf Fische u. Plankton, 40 mg/l giftig für Forellen. Störungsschwelle f. Fischnährtiere ab 2500 mg/l, Fischtoxizität (goldorfe) LC50(48h): 35 mg/l (H2O2 100%).
in Erdreich u. Wasser erfolgt schnelle Reduktion oder Zersetzung zu reinem Wasser u. Sauerstoff. Im allgemeinen nicht wassergefährdend.

Schutzmaßnahmen und Verhaltensregeln

Dicht verschlossen, an gut belüftetem Ort, kühl (unter 15鳦), unter Lichtschutz lagern.Verunreinigungen fernhalten. Nur Behälter mit Überdrucksicherung verwenden!
Schutzbrille mit Seitenschutz und oberer Augenraumabdeckung
Neoprenschutzhandschuhe (nur als kurzzeitiger Spritzschutz)

Verhalten im Gefahrfall

Mit flüssigkeitsbindendem Material (z.B. Vermikulite) aufnehmen, Entsorgung zuführen, Reste mit viel Wasser wegspülen.
keine Einschränkung

Erste Hilfe

Nach Hautkontakt: mit viel Wasser spülen, abtupfen mit Polyethylenglykol 400
Nach Augenkontakt: 15 Minuten bei gespreizten Lidern unter fließendem Wasser mit Augendusche ausspülen. Augenarzt konsultieren!
Nach Einatmen: Frischluft, Arzt hinzuziehen.
Nach Verschlucken: Viel Wasser/Milch trinken, Erbrechen möglichst vermeiden. Arzt konsultieren.
Nach Kleidungskontakt: Getränkte Kleidung sofort ausziehen, ggf. auch die Unterwäsche.
Atemstillstand: Atemspende oder Gerätebeatmung
Ersthelfer: siehe gesonderten Anschlag

Sachgerechte Entsorgung

Produkt: Sonderabfall, mit zuständiger Stelle (Hubland-Herr Riepl:8884711; Klinikum-Herr Uhl:2015557) Kontakt aufnehmen

Beschreibung

Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is a strong oxidizing agent that is used extensively in industry and medicine. It is usually available as aqueous solutions in concentrations of 3, 30 or 90 percent by weight. The 3 percent solution is used as a topical antiseptic and cleansing agent, and as a constituent in mouthwashes, dentifrices and sanitary lotions; the 30 percent as an effective bleaching agent and for other industrial uses; and the 90 percent as a vigorous oxidizer of rocket fuels. The anhydrous form is a colorless, bittertasting liquid with an ozone-like odor. In the absence of stabilizing agents (e.g., phosphates, tin), hydrogen peroxide solutions are unstable and decompose upon standing, agitation, exposure to light, or heating. Hydrogen peroxide reacts vigorously with many oxidizing as well as reducing agents. Concentrated solutions are highly caustic to the skin. In addition to its effectiveness as a bleach, hydrogen peroxide has proved to be a useful antimicrobial agent. This latter property has been utilized in some countries as a preservative of milk and whey.

Chemische Eigenschaften

Colorless liquid; pure compound or 90% solution unstable; bitter taste; density 1.463 g/mL; boils at 150.2°C; freezes at –0.43°C; vapor pressure 9.9 torr at 50°C and 121.5 torr at 100°C; viscosity 1.245 centipoise at 20°C; surface tension 80.4 dyn/cm at 20°C; miscible with water in all proportions; soluble in ether; densities of 30%, 70%, and 90% H2O2 solutions are 1.1081, 1.2839 and 1.3867 g/mL, respectively, at 25°C; freezing points at these concentrations are –25.7°C, –40.3°C and –11.5°C, respectively; and their boiling points are 106.2°C, 125.5°C and 141.3°C, respectively; decomposed by many organic solvents; pKa at 25°C is 11.62.

Physikalische Eigenschaften

Colorless liquid; pure compound or 90% solution unstable; bitter taste; den-sity 1.463 g/mL; boils at 150.2°C; freezes at -0.43°C; vapor pressure 9.9 torrat 50°C and 121.5 torr at 100°C; viscosity 1.245 centipoise at 20°C; surfacetension 80.4 dyn/cm at 20°C; miscible with water in all proportions; soluble inether; densities of 30%, 70%, and 90% H₂O₂solutions are 1.1081, 1.2839 and1.3867 g/mL, respectively, at 25°C; freezing points at these concentrations are-25.7°C, -40.3°C and -11.5°C, respectively; and their boiling points are106.2°C, 125.5°C and 141.3°C, respectively; decomposed by many organic sol-vents; pKaat 25°C is 11.62.

History

Hydrogen peroxide was prepared first by Thenard in 1818. It has many industrial applications. Aqueous solutions at varying concentrations are used for bleaching fabrics, silks, furs, feathers and hair; as a dough conditioner; and a bleaching and oxidizing agent in foods; for cleaning metals; as a laboratory reagent for oxidation; as an antiseptic; in sewage and wastewater treatment; and in preparation of inorganic and organic peroxides. An 80% concentrated solution is used in rocket propulsion.

Verwenden

hydrogen peroxide is a bleaching and oxidizing agent, detergent, and antiseptic. It is generally recognized as a safe preservative, germ killer, and skin bleacher in cosmetics. If used undiluted, it can cause burns of the skin and mucous membranes.

Vorbereitung Methode

From 1920 to 1950, the primary method of production was electrolysis. One process involved passing electric current through sulfuric acid to produce the peroxydisulfate ion (S2O8 2-), which was then hydrolyzed to H2O2: 2H₂O + S₂O₈^2- (aq) 2H₂SO₄^-(aq) + H₂O₂(aq).the relatively high cost of electricity of this method encouraged a search for a more economical production process. Hydrogen peroxide is currently produced on a large scale using the anthraquinone autooxidation procedure, which was developed in the 1940s. In this process, an anthraquinone, typically 2-ethyl-anthraquinone, is hydrogenated to a hydroquinone (2-ethyl-anthrahydroquinone) then reoxidized back to the anthraquinone (2-ethyl-anthraquinone) while forming hydrogen peroxide . A metal palladium or nickel catalyst is used to convert the anthraquinone to the hydroquinone, followed by autooxidation in air to generate hydrogen peroxide. The anthraquinone and hydrogen peroxide are separated; the former is recycled to repeat the process while the hydrogen peroxide is purified.

Definition

hydrogen peroxide: A colourlessor pale blue viscous unstable liquid,H₂O₂; r.d. 1.44; m.p. –0.41°C; b.p.150.2°C. As with water, there is considerablehydrogen bonding in theliquid, which has a high dielectricconstant. It can be made in the laboratoryby adding dilute acid to bariumperoxide at 0°C. Large quantitiesare made commercially by electrolysisof KHSO₄.H₂SO₄ solutions. Anotherindustrial process involvescatalytic oxidation (using nickel, palladium,or platinum with an anthraquinone)of hydrogen and waterin the presence of oxygen. Hydrogenperoxide readily decomposes in lightor in the presence of metal ions togive water and oxygen. It is usuallysupplied in solutions designated byvolume strength. For example, 20-volume hydrogen peroxide wouldyield 20 volumes of oxygen per volumeof solution. Although the peroxidesare formally salts of H2O2, thecompound is essentially neutral.Thus, the acidity constant of the ionizationH₂O₂ + H₂O ?H₃O⁺ + HO_2–is 1.5 × 10^-12 mol dm^-3. It is a strongoxidizing agent, hence its use as amild antiseptic and as a bleachingagent for cloth, hair, etc. It has alsobeen used as an oxidant in rocketfuels.

Reaktionen

Hydrogen peroxide reacts with many compounds, such as borates, carbonates, pyrophosphates, sulfates, silicates, and a variety of organic carboxylic acids, esters, and anhydrides to give peroxy compounds or peroxyhydrates. A number of these compounds are stable solids that hydrolyze readily to give hydrogen peroxide in solution.

Allgemeine Beschreibung

A colorless liquid dissolved in water. Vapors may irritate the eyes and mucous membranes. May violently decompose on contact with most common metals and their compounds. Contact with combustible material may result in spontaneous ignition. Corrosive to tissue. Under exposure to fire or heat containers may violently rupture due to decomposition. Used to bleach textiles and wood pulp, in chemical manufacturing, food processing, and in water purification.

Air & Water Reaktionen

Water soluble.

Reaktivität anzeigen

The hazards associated with the use of HYDROGEN PEROXIDE(especially highly concentrated solutions) are well documented. There is a release of enough energy during the catalytic decomposition of 65% peroxide to evaporate all water and ignite nearby combustible materials. Most cellulose materials contain enough catalyst to cause spontaneous ignition with 90% peroxide. Contamination of concentrated peroxide causes the possibility of explosion. Readily oxidizable materials, or alkaline substances containing heavy metals may react violently. Solvents(acetone, ethanol, glycerol) will detonate on mixture with peroxide of over 30% concentration, the violence increasing with concentration. Concentrated peroxide may decompose violently in contact with iron, copper, chromium, and most other metals or their salts, and dust(which frequently contain rust). During concentration under vacuum of aqueous or of aqueous-alcoholic solutions of hydrogen peroxide, violent explosions occurred when the concentration was sufficiently high(>90%), [Bretherick 2nd ed., 1979]. Hydrogen selenide and hydrogen peroxide undergo a very rapid decomposition, [Mellor 1:941(1946-1947)].

Hazard

Hydrogen peroxide is a strong oxidizing agent. Concentrated solutions, even a 30% aqueous solution, should be handled carefully. The compound decomposes violently in the presence of trace impurities. Inhibitors are, therefore, added at trace levels to prevent decomposition. Explosion can occur when concentrated solutions are heated or brought in contact with a number of organic substances that are readily oxidizable or that form organic peroxides, such as alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, anhydrides, and carboxylic acids (Patnaik, P. 1999. A Comprehensive Guide to the Hazardous Properties of Chemical Substances, 2nd ed. New York: John Wiley & Sons). Also, reactions with metals, metal alloys, a number of metal salts and oxides, and concentrated mineral acids can proceed to explosive violence.

Health Hazard

Contact with aqueous concentrations of less than 50% cause skin irritation, but more concentrated solutions of H202 are corrosive to the skin. At greater than 10% concentration, hydrogen peroxide is corrosive to the eyes and can cause severe irreversible damage and possibly blindness. Hydrogen peroxide is moderately toxic by ingestion and slightly toxic by inhalation. This substance is not considered to have adequate warning properties. Hydrogen peroxide has not been found to be carcinogenic in humans. Repeated inhalation exposures produced nasal discharge, bleached hair, and respiratory tract congestion, with some deaths occurring in rats and mice exposed to concentrations greater than 67 ppm

Brandgefahr

Hydrogen peroxide is not flammable, but concentrated solutions may undergo violent decomposition in the presence of trace impurities or upon heating

Flammability and Explosibility

Hydrogen peroxide is not flammable, but concentrated solutions may undergo violent decomposition in the presence of trace impurities or upon heating.

Kontakt-Allergie

Hydrogen peroxide is an oxidizing agent used as a topi- cal antiseptic, and as part of permanent hair-dyes and color-removing preparations, and as a neutralizing agent in permanent waving. The concentration of the hydrogen peroxyde solution is expressed in volume or percentage: Ten volumes correspond to 3%. It is an irritant.

Toxikologie

Hydrogen peroxide is used as an agent to reduce the number of bacteria in dairy products or other foodstuffs. In the dairy industry, hydrogen peroxide also has been used as a substitute for heat pasteurization in the treatment of milk and as a direct preservative in keeping the quality of the milk. In Japan, it has been used as a preservative for fish-paste products. Hydrogen peroxide also has a bleaching effect. The use of highly pure hydrogen peroxide in manufactured cheese has been approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration (industrial grade hydrogen peroxide is usually a 3–35% aqueous solution; a commercial home product is a 3% aqueous solution).
Acute toxicities (LD50) of hydrogen peroxide for rats are 700 mg/kg/b.w. and 21 mg/kg/b.w. by subcutaneous injection and intravenous injection, respectively. When large amounts of hydrogen peroxide were injected directly into the stomachs of rats, weight and blood protein concentrations were changed slightly. When hydrogen peroxide was mixed with feed, however, no abnormalities were observed. The use of bactericides has been limited due to their toxicity to humans, and only hydrogen peroxide currently is recognized for use.

Carcinogenicity

Chronic studies in mice found adenomas and carcinomas of the duodenum after oral administration. The IARC has determined that there is limited evidence in experimental animals for the carcinogenicity of hydrogen peroxide and inadequate evidence in humans.

Lager

Use extreme care when carrying out reactions with hydrogen peroxide because of the fire and explosion potential (immediate or delayed). The use of safety shields is advisable, and is essential for experiments involving concentrated (>50%) solutions of hydrogen peroxide. Sealed containers of hydrogen peroxide can build up dangerous pressures of oxygen, owing to slow decomposition.

läuterung methode

The 30% material has been steam distilled using distilled water. Gross and Taylor [J Am Chem Soc 72 2075 1950] made 90% H2O2 approximately 0.001M in NaOH and then distilled it under its own vapour pressure, keeping the temperature below 40o, the receiver being cooled with a Dry-ice/isopropyl alcohol slush. The 98% material has been rendered anhydrous by repeated fractional crystallisation in all-quartz vessels. EXPLOSIVE IN CONTACT WITH ORGANIC MATERIAL.

Inkompatibilitäten

Contact with many organic compounds can lead to immediate fires or violent explosions (consult Bretherick for references and examples). Hydrogen peroxide reacts with certain organic functional groups (ethers, acetals, etc.) to form peroxides, which may explode upon concentration. Reaction with acetone generates explosive cyclic dimeric and trimeric peroxides. Explosions may also occur on exposure of hydrogen peroxide to metals such as sodium, potassium, magnesium, copper, iron, and nickel.

Waste disposal

Excess hydrogen peroxide and waste material containing this substance should be placed in an appropriate container, clearly labeled, and handled according to your institution's waste disposal guidelines. For more information on disposal procedures, see Chapter 7 of this volume.

Wasserstoffperoxid Upstream-Materialien And Downstream Produkte

Upstream-Materialien

Downstream Produkte

7722-84-1(Wasserstoffperoxid)Verwandte Suche:

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• Peroxyl
• Pyrozone
• Truzone
• T-Stuff
• Wasserstoffsuperoxid
• Waterstofperoxyde
• HYDROGEN PEROXIDE 30 WT. % SOLUTION IN&
• HYDROGEN PEROXIDE, 50 WT. % SOLUTION IN WATER
• HYDROGEN PEROXIDE 30%, PH EUR
• HYDROGEN PEROXIDE, 3 WT. % SOLUTION IN W ATER
• HYDROGEN PEROXIDE 30% SEMICONDUCTOR GRAD
• HYDROGEN PEROXIDE 35 % BY WEIGHT H2O2, E XTRA PURE, PH. NORD, STABILIZED
• HYDROGEN PEROXIDE USP
• HYDROGEN PEROXIDE 30-32 WT. % SOLUTION&
• HYDROGEN PEROXIDE 3%, 1 L
• HYDROGEN PEROXIDE 30%, ACS, NOT STAB.
• HYDROGEN PEROXIDE 30% ACS STAB.
• HYDROGEN PEROXIDE 35 WT. % SOLUTION IN&
• PERDROGEN (HYDROGEN PEROXIDE) 30 % BY WE IGHT, R.G., REAG. ISO, REAG.PH.EUR., STA
• HYDROGEN PEROXIDE 35%, STAB.
• HYDROGEN PEROXIDE, 35 WT.-% SOLUTION IN WATER
• HYDROGEN PEROXIDE, 27.5 WT. % SOLUTION I N WATER
• HYDROGEN PEROXIDE, 3 WT. % SOLUTION IN &
• HYDROGEN PEROXIDE 30% (W/W) SOLUTION
• HYDROGEN PEROXIDE ACS REAGENT
• HYDROGEN PEROXIDE 3% (W/W) SOLUTION
• HYDROGEN PEROXIDE 30% 1 L
• HYDROGEN PEROXIDE 35% STAB. TECHNICAL
• HYDROGEN PEROXIDE 50 WT. % SOLUTION IN&
• ** APPROVAL REQ **3% HYDROGEN PEROXIDE
• HYDROGEN PEROXIDE, 30 WT. % SOLUTION IN WATER, A.C.S. REAGENT
• ** APPROVAL REQ **2% HYDROGEN PEROXIDE
• HydrogenPeroxide10%
• HydrogenPeroxide50%W/WForSynthesis
• HydrogenPeroxideSolution6%
• HydrogenPeroxide30%,Acs
• HydrogenPeroxideSolutionGr
• HydrogenPeroxideSolutionH2O230%,35%,50%,70%,60%
• HydrogenPeroxide3%,Certified
• HYDROGEN PEROXIDE SOLUTION 30%
• Hydrogen peroxide, 30 wt% solution in water, for analysis ACS
• Hydrogen peroxide, 35 wt.% solution in water, stabilized, for analysis
• PERDROGEN(R) 30% H2O2 (w/w)
• Hydrogen peroxide, 30 WT% solution in water, nonstabilized, for analysis ACS
• Hydrogen Peroxide (35% in Water) [for General Organic Chemistry]
• Hydrogen peroxide,for analysis ACS,30 wt% solution in water, nonstabilized
• Hydrogen peroxide,for analysis,35 wt.% solution in water, stabilized
• Hydrogen peroxide,3 wt.% solution in water, stabilized
• Hydrogen peroxide,pure,50 wt% solution in water, stabilized
• Hydrogen Peroxide, Acs w/w aq. Soln., Stab.
• Hydrogen Peroxide, 35 Percent Solution
• Hydrogen peroxide solution,Catalase Test
• Hydrogen peroxide, 6% w/v, extra pure
• SLANETZ AND BARTLEYAR
• Hydrogen peroxide disinfectant
• Hydrogen peroxide, Suprapur?
• Hydrogen Peroxide, 3% Topical Solution
• Hydrogen Peroxide, 50%, Stabilized