Trichlorethylen Chemische Eigenschaften,Einsatz,Produktion Methoden
ERSCHEINUNGSBILD
FARBLOSE FLüSSIGKEIT MIT CHARAKTERISTISCHEM GERUCH.
PHYSIKALISCHE GEFAHREN
Die Dämpfe sind schwerer als Luft.. Fließen, Schütten o.ä. kann zu elektrostatischer Aufladung führen.
CHEMISCHE GEFAHREN
Bei Kontakt mit heißen Gegenständen oder Flammen Zersetzung unter Bildung giftiger und ätzender Rauche (Phosgen, Chlorwasserstoff). Zersetzung bei Kontakt mit starken Alkalien unter Bildung von Dichloracetylen. Erhöhte Feuergefahr. Reagiert sehr heftig mit Metallpulvern wie Magnesium, Aluminium, Titan und Barium. Langsame Zersetzung durch Licht bei Anwesenheit von Feuchtigkeit unter Bildung von ätzender Salzsäure.
ARBEITSPLATZGRENZWERTE
TLV: 50 ppm (als TWA) 100 ppm (als STEL); Krebskategorie A5 (kein Verdacht auf krebserzeugende Wirkung beim Menschen); BEI vorhanden; (ACGIH 2005).
MAK: Krebserzeugend Kategorie 1; Keimzellmutagen Kategorie 3B; (DFG 2005).
AUFNAHMEWEGE
Aufnahme in den Körper durch Inhalation und durch Verschlucken.
INHALATIONSGEFAHREN
Beim Verdampfen bei 20 °C kann schnell eine gesundheitsschädliche Kontamination der Luft eintreten.
WIRKUNGEN BEI KURZZEITEXPOSITION
WIRKUNGEN BEI KURZZEITEXPOSITION: Die Substanz reizt die Augen und die Haut. Verschlucken kann zur Aufnahme in der Lunge führen; Gefahr der Aspirationspneumonie. Möglich sind Auswirkungen auf das Zentralnervensystem mit nachfolgendem Atemversagen. Exposition kann Bewusstseinstrübung verursachen.
WIRKUNGEN NACH WIEDERHOLTER ODER LANGZEITEXPOSITION
Wiederholter oder andauernder Hautkontakt kann Dermatitis hervorrufen. Möglich sind Auswirkungen auf das Zentralnervensystem. Führt zu Gedächtnisverlust. Möglich sind Auswirkungen auf Leberund Nieren (s. Anm.). Wahrscheinlich krebserzeugend für den Menschen.
LECKAGE
Belüftung. Ausgelaufene Flüssigkeit möglichst in abdichtbaren Behältern sammeln. Reste mit Sand oder inertem Absorptionsmittel aufnehmen und an einen sicheren Ort bringen. Persönliche Schutzausrüstung: Atemschutzfilter für organische Gase und Dämpfe. NICHT in die Umwelt gelangen lassen.
R-Sätze Betriebsanweisung:
R45:Kann Krebs erzeugen.
R36/38:Reizt die Augen und die Haut.
R52/53:Schädlich für Wasserorganismen, kann in Gewässern längerfristig schädliche Wirkungen haben.
R67:Dämpfe können Schläfrigkeit und Benommenheit verursachen.
R68:Irreversibler Schaden möglich.
R39/23/24/25:Giftig: ernste Gefahr irreversiblen Schadens durch Einatmen, Berührung mit der Haut und durch Verschlucken.
R23/24/25:Giftig beim Einatmen, Verschlucken und Berührung mit der Haut.
S-Sätze Betriebsanweisung:
S53:Exposition vermeiden - vor Gebrauch besondere Anweisungen einholen.
S45:Bei Unfall oder Unwohlsein sofort Arzt zuziehen (wenn möglich, dieses Etikett vorzeigen).
S61:Freisetzung in die Umwelt vermeiden. Besondere Anweisungen einholen/Sicherheitsdatenblatt zu Rate ziehen.
S36/37:Bei der Arbeit geeignete Schutzhandschuhe und Schutzkleidung tragen.
Beschreibung
Trichloroethylene (IUPAC), CHClCCl2, is a stable, low-boiling, colorless liquid with a chloroform-like odor. It is not corrosive to the common metals even in the presence of moisture. It is slightly soluble in water and is nonflammable. It is toxic by inhalation, with a TLV of 50 ppm and an IDLH of 1000 ppm in air. The FDA has prohibited its use in foods, drugs, and cosmetics. The four-digit UN identification number is 1710. The NFPA 704 designation is health 2, flammability 1, and reactivity 0. Its primary uses are in metal degreasing, dry cleaning, as a refrigerant and fumigant, and for drying electronic parts.
Chemische Eigenschaften
Trichloroethylene, a colorless (often dyed
blue), nonflammable, noncorrosive liquid that has the
“sweet” odor characteristic of some chlorinated hydrocarbons.
The Odor Threshold is 25-50 ppm.
Physikalische Eigenschaften
Clear, colorless, watery-liquid with a chloroform-like odor. Odor threshold concentrations
determined in air were 21.4 ppm
v (Leonardos et al., 1969) and 3.9 ppm
v (Nagata and Takeuchi,
1990). The average least detectable odor threshold concentrations in water at 60 °C and in air at 40
°C were 10 and 2.6 mg/L, respectively (Alexander et al., 1982).
Verwenden
Trichloroethylene is used as a solvent, in drycleaning, in degreasing, and in limited use asa surgical anesthetic.
Vorbereitung Methode
TCE has been in commercial use for almost 60 years. TCE
has been used as a solvent because of its powerful ability to dissolve fats, greases, and waxes. It has been widely used in
the dry cleaning industry and as a metal degreaser and in the
electronic components industry where workers have been
observed using it as a cleaning solvent without any protective
equipment, thus allowing uncontrolled skin contact and
inhalation exposures.
Definition
ChEBI: A member of the class of chloroethenes that is ethene substituted by chloro groups at positions 1, 1 and 2.
Allgemeine Beschreibung
A clear colorless volatile liquid having a chloroform-like odor. Denser than water and is slightly soluble in water. Noncombustible. Used as a solvent, fumigant, in the manufacture of other chemicals, and for many other uses.
Air & Water Reaktionen
Slightly soluble in water.
Reaktivität anzeigen
Trichloroethylene has been determined experimentally that mixtures of finely divided barium metal and a number of halogenated hydrocarbons possess an explosive capability. Specifically, impact sensitivity tests have shown that granular barium in contact with monofluorotrichloromethane, trichlorotrifluoroethane, carbon tetrachloride, Trichloroethylene, or tetrachloroethylene can detonate (ASESB Pot. Incid. 39. 1968; Chem. Eng. News 46(9):38. 1968). Trichloroethylene has been determined experimentally that a mixture of beryllium powder with carbon tetrachloride or with Trichloroethylene will flash or spark on heavy impact (ASESB Pot. Incid. 39. 1968). A mixture of powdered magnesium with Trichloroethylene or with carbon tetrachloride will flash or spark under heavy impact (ASESB Pot. Incid, 39. 1968).
Health Hazard
The toxic effects manifested in humansfrom inhaling trichloroethylene vapors areheadache, dizziness, drowsiness, fatigue, andvisual disturbances. A 2-hour exposure to a1000-ppm concentration affected the visualperception. Higher concentrations can pro duce narcotic effects. Heavy exposures maycause death due to respiratory failure or car diac arrest. A 4-hour exposure to 8000 ppmwas lethal to rats. Chronic exposure causedincrease in kidney and liver weights in testanimals.
The symptoms of poisoning from oralintake of trichloroethylene are nausea, vom iting, diarrhea, and gastric disturbances. Theacute oral toxicity, however, is low. Theoral LD50 value in mice is in the range2500 mg/kg. Trichloroethylene metabolizesto trichloroacetic acid, which is excreted inthe urine.
Although trichloroethylene exhibits lowtoxicity, its metabolite trichloroethanol, andoxidative degradation products phosgene,COCl2, and chlorine, can cause severe unex pected health hazards. Kawakami andassociates (1988) reported a case of Steven–Johnson syndrome in a worker in a printingfactory. In another case, fire on a stove in ametal-degreasing workplace produced phos gene and chlorine inhalation, which causeddyspnea, fever, and fatigue.
Trichloroethylene exhibited evidence ofcarcinogenicity in laboratory animals. Oraladministration produced liver tumors, whileinhalation caused lung and blood tumors inmice and rats.
Brandgefahr
Special Hazards of Combustion Products: Toxic and irritating gases are produced in fire situations.
Chemische Reaktivität
Reactivity with Water No reaction; Reactivity with Common Materials: No reaction; Stability During Transport: Stable; Neutralizing Agents for Acids and Caustics: Not pertinent; Polymerization: Not pertinent; Inhibitor of Polymerization: Not pertinent.
Kontakt-Allergie
Trichloroethylene is a chlorinated hydrocarbon used as
a detergent or solvent for metals, oils, resins, sulfur, and
as general degreasing agent. It can cause irritant contact
dermatitis, generalized exanthema, Stevens-Johnson-
like syndrome, pustular or bullous eruption, scleroderma,
as well as neurological and hepatic disorders.
mögliche Exposition
Trichloroethylene is used as a vapor
degreaser of metal parts, as a solvent; and as a drug; It is also
used for extracting caffeine from coffee, as a dry-cleaning
agent; and as a chemical intermediate in the production of
pesticides; in making waxes, gums, resins, tars, paints,
varnishes, and specific chemicals; such as chloroacetic acid.
Carcinogenicity
Trichloroethylene is reasonably anticipated to be a human carcinogen based on limited evidence of carcinogenicity from studies in humans, sufficient evidence of carcinogenicity from studies in experimental animals, and information from studies on mechanisms of carcinogenesis.
Stoffwechselwegen
From the photooxidation reaction medium (1) of
trichloroethylene, the formation of dichloroacetyl
chloride, CO, phosgene, and pentachloroethane and
their conversion to the final product, CO2, are
identified. By the second TiO2 photocatalyst reaction
(2), trichloroacetaldehyde, dichloroacetyl chloride, CO,
and phosgene with the new identified intermediates
oxalyl chloride, trichloroacetyl chloride, and
trichloroacetic acid are observed.
Versand/Shipping
UN1710 Trichloroethylene, Hazard Class: 6.1;
Labels: 6.1-Poisonous materials.
läuterung methode
Tricloroethylene undergoes decomposition in a similar way as CHCl3, giving HCl, CO, COCl2 and organic products. It reacts with KOH, NaOH and 90% H2SO4, and forms azeotropes with water, MeOH, EtOH, and acetic acid. It is purified by washing successively with 2M HCl, water and 2M K2CO3, then dried with K2CO3 and CaCl2, then fractionally distilled before use. It has also been steam distilled from 10% Ca(OH)2 slurry, most of the water being removed from the distillate by cooling to -30o to -50o and filtering off the ice through chamois skin: the trichloroethylene is then fractionally distilled at 250mm pressure and collected in a blackened container. [Carlisle & Levine Ind Eng Chem (Anal Ed) 24 1164 1932, Beilstein 1 IV 712.]
Inkompatibilitäten
Contact with strong caustics causes
decomposition and the production of highly toxic and flammable
dichloroacetylene. Violent reaction with chemically
active metals; powders, or shavings, such as aluminum,
barium, lithium, sodium, magnesium, and titanium. Violent
reaction with aluminum in the presence of dilute hydrochloric
acid. Thermal decomposition of trichloroethylene,
due to contact with hot metal or UV radiation, forms hazardous
products including chlorine gas, hydrogen chloride;
and phosgene. Keep this chemical away from high temperatures,
such as arc welding or cutting, unshielded resistance
heating; open flames; and high intensity UV light. Slowly
decomposed by light in presence of moisture, with formulation
of hydrochloric acid.
Waste disposal
Consult with environmental
regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal
practices. Generators of waste containing this contaminant
(≥100 kg/mo) must conform with EPA regulations governing
storage, transportation, treatment, and waste disposal.
Incineration, preferably after mixing with another combustible
fuel. Care must be exercised to assure complete combustion
to prevent the formation of phosgene. An acid
scrubber is necessary to remove the halo acids produced.
An alternative to disposal for TCE is recovery and
recycling.
Trichlorethylen Upstream-Materialien And Downstream Produkte
Upstream-Materialien
Downstream Produkte
Dichloracetylchlorid
Biphenyl-2-ol
Dimethoat (ISO)
Dipropetryn
Hexamethylphosphorsaeuretriamid
Bis(2,3,3,3-tetrachlorpropyl)ether
Pentoxyverin
Tetrachlorvinphos
chlorophyllin copper complex sodium salt
4-Isopropyl-m-kresol
Chloressigsäure
Dichlorvos
Simazin
3-AMINO-4,5,6,7-TETRAHYDRO-BENZO[B]THIOPHENE-2-CARBOXYLIC ACID METHYL ESTER
Tetrachlorcyclopropen
Pentachlorethan
Natrium-N-(2,6-dimethoxy-4-pyrimidinyl)sulfanilamidat
Hexachlorethan
4-Amino-6-methoxypyrimidine
2,4,6-TRIFLUOROPHENYL ISOTHIOCYANATE
(3R,3'S,5'R)-3,3'-Dihydroxy-β,K-carotin-6'-on
Chlorophyll a
2,2'-Thiobis-(4,6-dichlor-phenol)
Tetrachlorethylen
Imidazolidin-2-thion
Biphenyl-4-ol
Sulfamonomethoxine
Trichlortrifluorethan
Cleaning agent
(1,1'-Biphenyl)-2-ol, Natriumsalz
