Cyan(3-phenoxybenzyl)methyl-2-(4-chlorphenyl)-3-methylbutyrat Chemische Eigenschaften,Einsatz,Produktion Methoden
ERSCHEINUNGSBILD
GELBEODER BRAUNE, VISKOSE FLüSSIGKEIT.
CHEMISCHE GEFAHREN
Zersetzung beim Erhitzen zwischen 150-300°C unter Bildung giftiger Rauche mit Cyanwasserstoffund Chlorwasserstoff. Reagiert mit starken Basen und starken Oxidationsmitteln.
ARBEITSPLATZGRENZWERTE
TLV nicht festgelegt (ACGIH 2005).
MAK nicht festgelegt (DFG 2005).
AUFNAHMEWEGE
Aufnahme in den Körper durch Inhalation des Aerosols und durch Verschlucken.
INHALATIONSGEFAHREN
Nur ungenügende Angaben vorhanden über die Geschwindigkeit, mit der eine gesundheitsschädliche Konzentration in der Luft beim Verdampfen bei 20°C erreicht wird.
WIRKUNGEN BEI KURZZEITEXPOSITION
WIRKUNGEN BEI KURZZEITEXPOSITION: Die Substanz reizt die Augen, die Haut und die Atemwege. Möglich sind Auswirkungen auf das Nervensystem.
WIRKUNGEN NACH WIEDERHOLTER ODER LANGZEITEXPOSITION
Wiederholter oder andauernder Kontakt kann zu Hautsensibilisierung führen.
LECKAGE
Persönliche Schutzausrüstung: Atemschutzfilter für organische Gase und Dämpfe. NICHT in die Umwelt gelangen lassen. Ausgelaufene Flüssigkeit möglichst in abdichtbaren Behältern sammeln. Reste mit Sand oder inertem Absorptionsmittel aufnehmen und an einen sicheren Ort bringen.
R-Sätze Betriebsanweisung:
R25:Giftig beim Verschlucken.
R36/37/38:Reizt die Augen, die Atmungsorgane und die Haut.
R50/53:Sehr giftig für Wasserorganismen, kann in Gewässern längerfristig schädliche Wirkungen haben.
R57:Giftig für Bienen.
S-Sätze Betriebsanweisung:
S26:Bei Berührung mit den Augen sofort gründlich mit Wasser abspülen und Arzt konsultieren.
S45:Bei Unfall oder Unwohlsein sofort Arzt zuziehen (wenn möglich, dieses Etikett vorzeigen).
S60:Dieses Produkt und sein Behälter sind als gefährlicher Abfall zu entsorgen.
S61:Freisetzung in die Umwelt vermeiden. Besondere Anweisungen einholen/Sicherheitsdatenblatt zu Rate ziehen.
Beschreibung
Fenvalerate is a yellow-brown viscous liquid that is practically soluble in water. It is stable to moderate heat and light and is rapidly hydrolysed in basic environments (above pH 8). Fenvalerate is a racemic mixture of four stereoisomers in equal proportions owing to the presence of two chiral centres. It is a synthetic type II pyrethroid.
Fenvalerate is registered as an insecticide for a wide array of crop uses, as well as a termiticide and insect repellent.
Chemische Eigenschaften
It is an ester of 2-(4-chlorophenyl)-3-methylbutyric acid and alpha-cyano-3-phenoxybenzyl alcohol but lacks a cyclopropane ring. However, in terms of its insecticidal behaviour, it belongs to the pyrethroid insecticides. Technical grade fenvalerate is a yellow or brown viscous liquid having a specific gravity of 1.175 at 25°C. The vapour pressure is 0.037 mPa at 25°C, and it is relatively non-volatile. It is practically insoluble in water (approximately 2 μg/L) but soluble in organic solvents such as acetone, xylene, and kerosene. It is stable to light, heat, and moisture but unstable in alkaline media.
Verwenden
Fenvalerate controls a wide range of insect pests in fruit, vines,
olives, hops, nuts, vegetables, cotton, oilseed rape, sunflowers, alfalfa,
cereals, maize, sorghum, potatoes, beets, soyabeans, tobacco, sugar cane
and ornamentals. It is also used in public health situations and in animal
houses.
Definition
ChEBI: A carboxylic ester obtained by formal condensation between 2-(4-chlorophenyl)-3-methylbutyric acid and cyano(3-phenoxyphenyl)methanol.
Allgemeine Beschreibung
A clear viscious yellow liquid with a mild odor. Used as broad spectrum insecticide.
Air & Water Reaktionen
Insoluble in water. Rapidly hydrolyzed by alkaline solution.
Reaktivität anzeigen
A pyrethroid. Phenvalerate is an ester and nitrile. Esters react with acids to liberate heat along with alcohols and acids. Strong oxidizing acids may cause a vigorous reaction that is sufficiently exothermic to ignite the reaction products. Heat is also generated by the interaction of esters with caustic solutions. Flammable hydrogen is generated by mixing esters with alkali metals and hydrides. Nitriles may polymerize in the presence of metals and some metal compounds. They are incompatible with acids; mixing nitriles with strong oxidizing acids can lead to extremely violent reactions. Nitriles are generally incompatible with other oxidizing agents such as peroxides and epoxides. The combination of bases and nitriles can produce hydrogen cyanide. Nitriles are hydrolyzed in both aqueous acid and base to give carboxylic acids (or salts of carboxylic acids).
Hazard
Questionable carcinogen.
Kontakt-Allergie
Fenvalerate is an insecticide of the synthetic pyrethroid
group, which induced sensitization in farmers.
Sicherheitsprofil
Poison by ingestion,
intravenous, and intracerebral routes.
Moderately toxic by skin contact.Experimental reproductive effects. Mutation
data reported. Highly toxic to fish and bees.
Corrosive, causes eye damage. A skin
irritant. When heated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes of Cl-, NOx, and CN-. See
also CYANIDE.
mögliche Exposition
Fenvalerate is one of the most versatile
synthetic pyrethroid insecticides. It is mostly used in agriculture and on cattle, but also in homes and gardens. It
acts as a stomach poison against a wide variety of leaf and
fruit eating such as bollworm fruit and shoot borers and
aphids. Crops on which it is used include cotton, cauliflower, okra, vines and fruits. It is also used in public health
and animal husbandry. It is effective against pests whose
strains are resistant to organochlorine, organophosphorus,
and carbamate insecticides. Not used in EU countries
Environmental Fate
Soil. Fenvalerate is moderately persistent in soil. The percentage of the initial dosage (1 ppm) remaining after 8 weeks of incubation in an organic and mineral soil were 58 and 12%, respectively, while in sterilized controls 100 and 91% remained, respectively (Chapman et al., 1981).
In a sugarcane runoff plot, fenvalerate was applied at a rate of 0.22 kg/ha 4 times each year in 1980 and 1981. Runoff losses in 1980 and 1981 were 0.08 and 0.56 of the applied amount, respectively (Smith et al., 1983).
Plant. Dislodgable residues of fenvalerate on cotton leaf 0, 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours after application (0.22 kg/ha) were 0.85, 0.36, 0.38, 0.28 and 0.28 μg/m2, respectively (Buck et al., 1980).
Surface Water. In an estuary, the half-life of fenvalerate was 27–42 days (Schimmel et al., 1983).
Chemical/Physical. Undergoes hydrolysis at the ester bond (Hartley and Kidd, 1987). Decomposes gradually at 150–300°C (Windholz et al., 1983) probably releasing toxic fumes of nitrogen and chlorine.
Stoffwechselwegen
After foliar treatment of 14C-fenvalerate on wheat
plants, the amount of residual radioactivity in the grain
and hull is below the limit of reliable measurement.
Individual degradation products accounting for more
than 1% of the applied radioactivity are not present in
the foliage or straw. Important degradation pathways
include decarboxylation and ester cleavage.
Versand/Shipping
UN3349 Pyrethroid pesticide, solid toxic,
Hazard Class: 6.1; Labels: 6.1-Poisonous material. UN3352
Pyrethroid pesticide, liquid toxic, Hazard Class: 6.1;
Labels: 6.1-Poisonous materials.
Inkompatibilitäten
ncompatible with oxidizers, chlorates
nitrates, peroxides, sulfuric acid, caustics, ammonia, aliphatic amines, alkanolamines, isocyanates, alkylene oxides,
epichlorohydrin. Moisture may cause hydrolysis or other
forms of decomposition. Emulsifiable concentrate is
corrosive
Waste disposal
Incineration would be an
effective disposal procedure where permitted. If an efficient
incinerator is not available, the product should be mixed
with large amounts of combustible material and contact
with the smoke should be avoided. In accordance with
40CFR165, follow recommendations for the disposal of
pesticides and pesticide containers
Einzelnachweise
[1] http://www.toxipedia.org
[2] Y. Xia, Q. Bian, L. Xu, S. Cheng, L. Song, J. Liu, W. Wu, S. Wang and X. Wang, Genotoxic effects on human spermatozoa among pesticide factory workers exposed to fenvalerate, Toxicology, 2004, vol. 203, 49-60
[3] Terry R Roberts, David H Hutson, Philip W Lee, Peter H Nicholls and Jack R Plimmer, Metabolic Pathways of Agrochemicals: Part 2: Insecticides and Fungicides, 1999
Cyan(3-phenoxybenzyl)methyl-2-(4-chlorphenyl)-3-methylbutyrat Upstream-Materialien And Downstream Produkte
Upstream-Materialien
Downstream Produkte
