Rubidium

RUBIDIUM Struktur
7440-17-7
CAS-Nr.
7440-17-7
Bezeichnung:
Rubidium
Englisch Name:
RUBIDIUM
Synonyma:
37Rb;Rubidio;RUBIDIUM;Chebi:33322;rubidium atom;MUELLER HINTON;RUBIDIUM METAL;RUBIDIUM: 99.9%;Rubidium powder;RUBIDIUM STANDARD
CBNumber:
CB7350298
Summenformel:
Rb
Molgewicht:
85.47
MOL-Datei:
7440-17-7.mol

Rubidium Eigenschaften

Schmelzpunkt:
38-39 °C (lit.)
Siedepunkt:
686 °C (lit.)
Dichte
1.53 g/mL at 25 °C (lit.)
Löslichkeit
reacts with H2O
Aggregatzustand
ingot
Farbe
Silver
Wichte
1.532
Widerstand (resistivity)
11.0 μΩ-cm, 20°C
Wasserlöslichkeit
soluble in acids and alcohol [HAW93]
Sensitive 
moisture sensitive
Merck 
13,8363
Expositionsgrenzwerte
ACGIH: TWA 2 ppm; STEL 4 ppm
OSHA: TWA 2 ppm(5 mg/m3)
NIOSH: IDLH 25 ppm; TWA 2 ppm(5 mg/m3); STEL 4 ppm(10 mg/m3)
CAS Datenbank
7440-17-7(CAS DataBase Reference)
EPA chemische Informationen
Rubidium (7440-17-7)
Sicherheit
  • Risiko- und Sicherheitserklärung
  • Gefahreninformationscode (GHS)
Kennzeichnung gefährlicher Xi,C,F
R-Sätze: 36/37/38-36/38-34-14/15
S-Sätze: 26-36/37/39-43-45-36
RIDADR  UN 2031 8/PG 2
WGK Germany  3
RTECS-Nr. VL8500000
TSCA  Yes
HazardClass  8
PackingGroup  III
HS Code  2805199090
Bildanzeige (GHS) GHS hazard pictogramsGHS hazard pictograms
Alarmwort Achtung
Gefahrenhinweise
Code Gefahrenhinweise Gefahrenklasse Abteilung Alarmwort Symbol P-Code
H260 In Berührung mit Wasser entstehen entzündbare Gase, die sich spontan entzünden können. Stoffe und Gemische, die in Berührung mit Wasser entzündbare Gase entwickeln Kategorie 1 Achtung GHS hazard pictogramssrc="/GHS02.jpg" width="20" height="20" /> P223, P231+P232, P280, P335+ P334,P370+P378, P402+P404, P501
H314 Verursacht schwere Verätzungen der Haut und schwere Augenschäden. Ätzwirkung auf die Haut Kategorie 1B Achtung GHS hazard pictogramssrc="/GHS05.jpg" width="20" height="20" /> P260,P264, P280, P301+P330+ P331,P303+P361+P353, P363, P304+P340,P310, P321, P305+ P351+P338, P405,P501
Sicherheit
P223 Keinen Kontakt mit Wasser zulassen.
P231+P232 Unter inertem Gas handhaben. Vor Feuchtigkeit schützen.
P260 Dampf/Aerosol/Nebel nicht einatmen.
P280 Schutzhandschuhe/Schutzkleidung/Augenschutz tragen.
P303+P361+P353 BEI BERÜHRUNG MIT DER HAUT (oder dem Haar): Alle kontaminierten Kleidungsstücke sofort ausziehen. Haut mit Wasser abwaschen oder duschen.
P305+P351+P338 BEI KONTAKT MIT DEN AUGEN: Einige Minuten lang behutsam mit Wasser spülen. Eventuell vorhandene Kontaktlinsen nach Möglichkeit entfernen. Weiter spülen.

Rubidium Chemische Eigenschaften,Einsatz,Produktion Methoden

R-Sätze Betriebsanweisung:

R36/37/38:Reizt die Augen, die Atmungsorgane und die Haut.
R36/38:Reizt die Augen und die Haut.
R34:Verursacht Verätzungen.
R14/15:Reagiert heftig mit Wasser unter Bildung hochentzündlicher Gase.

S-Sätze Betriebsanweisung:

S26:Bei Berührung mit den Augen sofort gründlich mit Wasser abspülen und Arzt konsultieren.
S36/37/39:Bei der Arbeit geeignete Schutzkleidung,Schutzhandschuhe und Schutzbrille/Gesichtsschutz tragen.
S43:Zum Löschen . . . (vom Hersteller anzugeben) verwenden (wenn Wasser die Gefahr erhöht, anfügen: "Kein Wasser verwenden").
S45:Bei Unfall oder Unwohlsein sofort Arzt zuziehen (wenn möglich, dieses Etikett vorzeigen).
S36:DE: Bei der Arbeit geeignete Schutzkleidung tragen.

Chemische Eigenschaften

Rubidiumis a soft, silvery white metallic element. It is solid at room temperature, but melts easily at 39.3°C. Similar to the other group 1metals, rubidium reacts exothermically in water, forming corrosive rubidium hydroxide (RbOH) and hydrogen gas, Easily oxidized in air.High heat capacity and heat transfer coefficient. Soluble in acids and alcohol.

Physikalische Eigenschaften

Rubidium is a silvery-white lightweight solid at room temperature, but it melts at just 38.89°C (102°F), which is just over the human body's normal temperature. It's boiling point is 686°C, it's density is 1.532 g/cm3, and it has an oxidation state of +1.

Isotopes

There are 30 isotopes of rubidium, ranging from Rb-75 to Rb-98. Rb-85 is theonly stable form of rubidium and constitutes 72.17% of all rubidium isotopes found inthe Earth’s crust. Rb-87 is radioactive (a half-life of 4.9×1010 years) and makes up about27.83% of the remainder of rubidium found in the Earth’s crust. All the other 28 isotopes make up a tiny fraction of all the rubidium found on Earth and are radioactive withvery short half-lives.

Origin of Name

Rubidium is named for the Latin word rubidus, meaning “reddish.

Occurrence

Rubidium does not exist in its elemental metallic form in nature. However, in compoundforms it is the 22nd most abundant element on Earth and, widespread over most land areasin mineral forms, is found in 310 ppm. Seawater contains only about 0.2 ppm of rubidium,which is a similar concentration to lithium. Rubidium is found in complex minerals and untilrecently was thought to be a rare metal. Rubidium is usually found combined with other Earthmetals in several ores. The lepidolite (an ore of potassium-lithium-aluminum, with traces ofrubidium) is treated with hydrochloric acid (HCl) at a high temperature, resulting in lithiumchloride that is removed, leaving a residue containing about 25% rubidium. Another processuses thermochemical reductions of lithium and cesium ores that contain small amounts ofrubidium chloride and then separate the metals by fractional distillation.

Charakteristisch

Rubidium is located between potassium and cesium in the first group in the periodic table.It is the second most electropositive alkali element and reacts vigorously and explosively in airor water. If placed on concrete on a sunny day, it would melt and then react violently withmoist air to release hydrogen with enough heat to burn the hydrogen. If a chunk of rubidiummetal is left on a table exposed to the air, it combusts spontaneously. Rubidium must be storedin oil, such as kerosene.

Verwenden

Because rubidium is a much larger atom than lithium or sodium, it gives up its outer valence electron easily, thus becoming a positive ion (oxidation state = Ru+). Rubidium forms numerous compounds, but only a few are useful. One of the main uses for rubidium is as a getter in vacuum tubes used in early radios, TVs, and cathode-ray tubes. When rubidium gas is placed in sealed glass cells along with an inert gas, it becomes a rubidium-gas cell clock. Because of the consistent and exact frequency (vibrations) of it atoms, it is a very accurate timekeeper. Rubidium and selenium are used in the manufacture of photoelectric cells, sometimes called electric eyes. Rubidium is a very caustic alkali (base) with a high pH value that makes it an excellent reducing agent (highly electropositive) in industry and chemical laboratories. A unique use is its ability to locate brain tumors. It is a weak radioisotope able to attach itself to diseased tissue rather than healthy tissue, thus making detection possible.

synthetische

Although rubidium metals have been prepared by fused salt electrolysis, the highly reactive nature of the metals complicates the collection step and favors the use of other preparative methods where the metals can be removed in vapor form from the reaction mixture. The oxides, hydroxides, carbonates, halides, sulphates, chromates and nitrates of rubidium have been reduced to the metals by strong reducing metals such as sodium, calcium, magnesium, barium, iron, zirconium, aluminum or silicon at moderately high temperatures. The preferred method, however, involves the reduction of the anhydrous metal chlorides with calcium metal under vacuum. Anhydrous rubidium chloride is mixed with a large excess of calcium chips and heated under vacuum at 700- 800°C. As the chloride is reduced, metal vapors issue from the reaction mixture and are led under the vacuum to a cooler portion of the vessel where they condense and drop into a collection vessel.

Definition

rubidium: Symbol Rb. A soft silvery white metallic element belonging togroup 1 (formerly IA) of the periodictable; a.n. 37; r.a.m. 85.47; r.d. 1.53;m.p. 38.89°C; b.p. 688°C. It is foundin a number of minerals (e.g. lepidolite)and in certain brines. The metalis obtained by electrolysis of moltenrubidium chloride. The naturally occurringisotope rubidium–87 is radioactive(see rubidium–strontiumdating). The metal is highly reactive,with properties similar to those ofother group 1 elements, ignitingspontaneously in air. It was discoveredspectroscopically by Robert Bunsenand Gustav Kirchhoff in 1861.

Allgemeine Beschreibung

A soft silvery metal. Shipped in very limited quantities sealed in a copper tube and over packed in a wooden box. Used in electronics.

Air & Water Reaktionen

Tarnishes rapidly upon exposure to air. Reacts violently with water to form corrosive RUBIDIUM hydroxide and hydrogen, a flammable gas. The heat of the reaction usually ignites the hydrogen.

Reaktivität anzeigen

RUBIDIUM METAL is a strong reducing agent. Burns spontaneously in dry oxygen [Mellor 2:468 1946-47]. Readily catches fire in air when molten or with a sulfur vapor [Mellor 2: 469 1946-47]. Causes explosive decomposition of maleic anhydride. [Chem Safety Data Sheet SD-88 1962; Chem. Haz. Info. Series C-71 1960] Burns in chlorine [Mellor 2, Supp. 1:380 1956]. Interaction with mercury is exothermic and may be violent, [Mellor, 1941, Vol. 2, 469].

Hazard

The major hazard is from fire and explosions of the elemental metallic form of rubidium.It must be stored in an inert atmosphere or in kerosene. When rubidium contacts skin, itignites and keeps burning and produces a deep, serious wound. Water and blood just make itreact more vigorously.
Many of the compounds of rubidium are toxic and strong irritants to the skin and lungs.It is one of the elements best left to experienced handlers.
Very small traces of rubidium are found in the leaves of tobacco, tea, and coffee, as well asin several edible plants, but these radiation traces are harmless when used in moderation.

Health Hazard

Inhalation or contact with vapors, substance or decomposition products may cause severe injury or death. May produce corrosive solutions on contact with water. Fire will produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Runoff from fire control may cause pollution.

Brandgefahr

Produce flammable gases on contact with water. May ignite on contact with water or moist air. Some react vigorously or explosively on contact with water. May be ignited by heat, sparks or flames. May re-ignite after fire is extinguished. Some are transported in highly flammable liquids. Runoff may create fire or explosion hazard.

Sicherheitsprofil

Moderately toxic by intraperitoneal route. A very reactive alkali metal (more reactive than potassium or cesium). In the body, rubidlum substitutes for potassium as an intracellular ion. The ratio of Rb/K intake is important in the toxicology of rubidium. A ratio above 40% is dangerous. In rats, a failure to gain weight is the first symptom, followed by ataxia and hyperirritabhty. Symptoms include: skin ulcers, poor hair coat, sensitivity, and extreme nervousness leading to convulsions and death. hazard when exposed to heat or flame or by chemical reaction with oxidlzers. Igmtes on contact with air, oxygen, and halogens. A very dangerous fire and explosion RUBIDIUM HYDROXIDE RPZOOO 121 5 Ignites spontaneously on contact with water. Reaction with water, moisture, or steam forms explosive hydrogen gas, whch then ignites. Explodes in contact with liquid bromine. Can react explosively with air, halogens, mercury, nonmetals, vanadium chloride oxide, moisture, acids, oxidizers. Violent reaction with vanadium trichloride oxide (at 60℃C), Cl202, P. Molten rubidium ignites in sulfur vapor and reacts vigorously with carbon. RbOH is more basic than KOH. Storage and handling: Keep under benzene, petroleum, or other liquids not containing gaseous O2. When heated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes of RbzO. See also SODIUM and SODIUM POTASSIUM ALLOY.

Rubidium Upstream-Materialien And Downstream Produkte

Upstream-Materialien

Downstream Produkte


Rubidium Anbieter Lieferant Produzent Hersteller Vertrieb Händler.

Global( 83)Lieferanten
Firmenname Telefon E-Mail Land Produktkatalog Edge Rate
Hubei Jusheng Technology Co.,Ltd.
18871490254
linda@hubeijusheng.com CHINA 28172 58
Hubei xin bonus chemical co. LTD
86-13657291602
linda@hubeijusheng.com CHINA 22963 58
Antai Fine Chemical Technology Co.,Limited
18503026267
info@antaichem.com CHINA 9636 58
Hefei TNJ Chemical Industry Co.,Ltd.
+86-0551-65418671 +8618949823763
sales@tnjchem.com China 34553 58
Shaanxi Dideu Medichem Co. Ltd
+86-029-89586680 +86-18192503167
1026@dideu.com China 7724 58
SUZHOU SENFEIDA CHEMICAL CO.,LTD
+86-0512-83500002 +8615195660023
sales@senfeida.com China 23046 58
Aladdin Scientific
+1-+1(833)-552-7181
sales@aladdinsci.com United States 57505 58
Mainchem Co., Ltd. +86-0592-6210733
sale@mainchem.com China 32343 55
Meryer (Shanghai) Chemical Technology Co., Ltd. 021-61259108 18621169109
market03@meryer.com China 40228 62
Alfa Aesar 400-6106006
saleschina@alfa-asia.com China 30123 84

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