Avilamycin

Originator

Maxus,Eli Lilly

Uses

Antibacterial.

Manufacturing Process

Avilamycin is produced from Streptomyces viridochromogenes NRRL 2860:
A nutrient solution is prepared which contains 20.0 g of meat meal, 20.0 g of salt extract, 10.0 g of calcium carbonate and 1 L of tap water and adjusted to pH=7. This solution, or a multiple thereof, is charged into conical flasks of 500 ml capacity (100 ml of nutrient solution each) or into fermenters of 500 L capacity (300 L of nutrient solution each) and sterilized for 20-30 min under a pressure of 1 atm. The contents of the flasks are then inoculated with up to 10% of a partially sporulating vegetative culture of Streptomyces viridochromogenes NRRL 2860 and incubated at 27°C with thorough shaking or stirring, and in the fermenters with aerating with about 1 volume of sterile air per volume of nutrient solution per minute. The cultures are allowed to grow for 24-48 h, mixed with about 1.5% of a filtration assistant and then filtered depending on the volume, through a suction filter or a filter press or a rotary filter to free the antibiotically active aqueous solution from the mycelium and other solid constituents.
The medium described above is replaced the nutrient media: 10.0 g of crude glucose, 5.0 g of peptone, 3.0 g of meat extract (Oxo Lab- Lemco), 5.0 g of sodium chloride, 10.0 g of calcium carbonate and 1 L of tap water, pH - prior to sterilization: 7.5, analogous sterilization, inoculation with Streptomnyces viridochromogenes NRRL 2860, incubation at 27°C and filtration likewise yield aqueous antibiotically active solutions.
90 L of culture filtrate are extracted with 20 L of ethyl acetate, and the extract is concentrated to 400 ml. When the concentrate is kept for 20 h at 2°C, avilamycin precipitates in the form of a dense floccular substance which is filtered off. After having been dried in an exsiccator, the practically colorless crystal cake consisting of strongly felted small needles weighs 3.07 g. The mother liquors are concentrated to about 200 ml and mixed with twice the amount of ether. When the concentrate is kept for 4 days at 0°C, a further 3.28 g of avilamycin crystallize out. 3.0 g of the crystallizate are dissolved in 50 ml of acetone, and a small amount of insoluble sludge is filtered off. The clear filtrate is mixed with ether and concentrated. On cooling, 2.0 g of colorless fine needles crystallize out. Concentration of the mother liquors to about one quarter their volume produces a further 0.48 g of crystals. For analysis a test portion of these crystals is recrystallized 4 times from acetone+ether and dried for 20 h in a high vacuum at 70°C. The analytically pure antibiotic avilamycin have a melting point 188°-189.5°C. Optical rotation [α]D 20=+0.8° (c=1.165 in absolute ethanol).

brand name

Surmax (Lilly).

Therapeutic Function

Antibiotic

Raw materials

Preparation Products