プロピオニルクロリド 化学特性,用途語,生産方法
外観
無色～わずかにうすい黄色, 澄明の液体
溶解性
水, アルコールに分解, エーテルに可溶。水、エタノール及びアセトンに溶けやすい。
用途
有機合成用原料
化学的特性
Propionyl chloride is a colorless to light yellow, volatile, and readily flammable liquid, whose vapors hydrolyze in moist air. It is corrosive, lachrymatory, and has a strongly pungent odor. With water and lower alcohols it reacts vigorously under solvolysis to give the acid or ester. It is used for the introduction of the propionyl group and for the synthesis of propionate esters because of its high reactivity.
使用
Propionyl chloride is used as an intermediate in the production of agrochemicals and pharmaceuticals. It serves as an intermediate for dyes, textile auxiliaries and peroxide compounds. It acts as a crop protecting agent.
製造方法
Propionyl chloride is synthesized by reacting propionic acid with phosphorus trichloride at 40-50°C for 1h, cooling, standing, separating and distilling to obtain the product.
CH3CH2COOH+PCl3→CH3CH2COCl+HOPCl2
Propionyl chloride is produced industrially by treatment of propionic acid with phosgene or thionyl chloride. The reaction occurs at ca. 50°C in the liquid phase in the presence of dialkylformamides. The product is then separated by distillation.
CH3CH2CO2H + COCl2 → CH3CH2COCl + HCl + CO2
Propionyl chloride can also be obtained by the reaction of propionic acid with PCl5.
主な応用
Propionyl chloride is used for the introduction of the propionyl group and for the synthesis of propionate esters because of its high reactivity. It is an chemical intermediate in the preparation of various propionic acid derivatives, It can also be used:
To convert anisole to 4-methoxypropiophenone and 2-methoxynaphthalene to 1-propio-2-methoxynaphthalene in the presence of Indium(III) chloride (InCl3) impregnated mesoporous Si-MCM-41 catalyst.
For chlorination in the presence of sulfuryl chloride and peroxides to form α-chloropropionyl chloride and β-chloropropionyl chloride.
In reaction with (hydroxypropyl)cellulose to form the propanoate ester, [(propionyloxy)propyl]cellulose.
一般的な説明
Propionyl chloride appears as a colorless liquid with a pungent odor. Corrosive and very irritating to skin and eyes. Used to make other chemicals.
空気と水の反応
Highly flammable. Propionyl chloride reacts vigorously or violently with water to form propionic acid and hydrochloric acid [Merck 11th ed. 1989].
反応プロフィール
Acid halides, such as Propionyl chloride, are water reactive; some are violently reactive. They are incompatible with strong oxidizing agents, alcohols, amines, and alkali. May react vigorously or explosively if mixed with diisopropyl ether or other ethers in the presence of trace amounts of metal salts [J. Haz. Mat., 1981, 4, 291].
危険性
Strong irritant to skin.
健康ハザード
May cause toxic effects if inhaled or ingested/swallowed. Contact with substance may cause severe burns to skin and eyes. Fire will produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Vapors may cause dizziness or suffocation. Runoff from fire control or dilution water may cause pollution.
火災危険
Flammable/combustible material. May be ignited by heat, sparks or flames. Vapors may form explosive mixtures with air. Vapors may travel to source of ignition and flash back. Most vapors are heavier than air. They will spread along ground and collect in low or confined areas (sewers, basements, tanks). Vapor explosion hazard indoors, outdoors or in sewers. Runoff to sewer may create fire or explosion hazard. Containers may explode when heated. Many liquids are lighter than water.
安全性プロファイル
A corrosive irritant to
skin, eyes, and mucous membranes.
Dangerous fire hazard when exposed to heat
or flame; can react vigorously with oxidizing
materials. Reacts with water or steam to
produce toxic and corrosive fumes.
Exothermic reaction with diisopropyl ether
produces much gas. The reaction may be
dangerous if confmed. To fight fire, use
CO2, dry chemical; do not use water. When
heated to decomposition it emits lughly
toxic fumes of Cl-. See also
HYDROCHLORIC ACID.
プロピオニルクロリド 上流と下流の製品情報
原材料
準備製品