三酸化アンチモン 化学特性,用途語,生産方法
外観
白色～ほとんど白色, 粉末
性質
酸化アンチモン(Ⅲ)は、分子量291.497、融点655℃、沸点1,425℃であり、常温での外観は白色の固体です。水に難溶ですが、塩酸に溶解します。密度は5.2g/mLです。
溶解性
水に難溶, 塩酸に可溶。塩酸に溶ける。
解説
酸化アンチモンとは、アンチモンの酸化物の総称であり、酸化アンチモン(Ⅲ)、酸化アンチモン(IV)、酸化アンチモン(V)のことです。
酸化アンチモン(Ⅲ) は、三酸化アンチモン、三酸化二アンチモンとも呼ばれる物質で、組成式はSb2O3
用途
アンチモン塩類原料、ペイント等の白色原料
三酸化アンチモンは金属アンチモンから生成される。アンチモン製品のうち最も需要が多いのは三酸化アンチモンであり、主にハロゲンを含む塩ビ樹脂等を除く合成樹脂や合成ゴム等に、臭素化合物などのハロゲン化合物と共に練りこんで難燃性を高める助剤として使用されているほか、ポリエチレンテレフタレート（以下、PET）の重合触媒、自動車ブレーキパッド、顔料、高級ガラスの気泡を消す清澄剤などのガラス添加剤、抵抗素子やコンデンサ等の電子部品な
主な用途／役割
無機物系難燃剤、ハロゲン化物と併用するとオキシ塩化アンチモンが生成して効果を示す。
説明
This hard shiny metal is often alloyed to other
elements. It is used in various industrial fields, such
as those making or using batteries, printing machines,
bearing, textiles, and ceramics. It caused positive patch
test reactions in two workers in a ceramics industry.
化学的特性
White or gray mineral, sometimes pale
red, white streak and adamantine or silky luster. Mohs hardness 2–3.
物理的性質
Occurs as colorless orthorhombic modifications, valentinite, or colorless cubic form, senarmontite; density 5.67 g/cm
3 (valentinite), 5.20g/cm
3 (senarmontite); cubic modification is dimeric consisting of Sb2O6 discrete molecules; refractive index 2.087; melts in the absence of oxygen at 656°C; boils at 1,550°C (sublimes); sublimes in vacuum at 400°C; very slightly soluble in water, insoluble in organic solvents; soluble in HCl, caustic alkalies and tartaric acid.
天然物の起源
Antimony trioxide occurs in nature as minerals, valentinite [1317-98-2] and senarmontinite [12412-52-1]. It is used as a flame retardant in fabrics; as an opacifier in ceramics, glass and vitreous enamels; as a catalyst; as a white pigment in paints; as a mortar in the manufacture of tartar emetic; and in the production of metallic antimony.
使用
manufacture of tartar emetic; as paint pigment; in enamels and glasses; as mordant; in flame-proofing canvas.
製造方法
Antimony trioxide is obtained by roasting stibnite:
2 Sb
2S
3 + 9 O
2 → 2Sb
2O
3 + 6SO
2Temperature and air feed is carefully controlled in the process to suppress any formation of antimony tetroxide (Sb
2O
4). Antimony trioxide is separated from any arsenic trioxide (As
2O
3) that may be present as an impurity by volatilization, as the latter is much more volatile than the former. It may be also prepared by alkaline hydrolysis of antimony trichloride and subsequent dehydration of hydrous oxide under controlled heating (rapid or vigorous heating may partially oxidize Sb(III) to Sb(V).
Antimony trioxide also may be made by heating the metallic element with oxygen or air. The volatilizing trioxide is condensed and collected.
定義
A white insoluble solid. It is an
amphoteric oxide with a strong tendency
to act as a base. It can be prepared by direct
oxidation by air, oxygen, or steam and
is formed when antimony(III) chloride is
hydrolyzed by excess boiling water.
一般的な説明
Diantimony trioxide is a white crystalline solid. Diantimony trioxide is insoluble in water. The primary hazard is the threat to the environment. Immediate steps should be taken to limit its spread to the environment. Diantimony trioxide is used to fireproof fabrics, paper and plastics, as a paint pigment and for many other uses.
空気と水の反応
Insoluble in water.
反応プロフィール
IDiantimony trioxide ignites and burns when heated in powdered form in air [Mellor 9:425 1946-47]. Reacts violentlhy with bromine trifluoride [Mellor Vol. 9 425.1939].
危険性
Possible carcinogen during production.
健康ハザード
DUST: POISONOUS IF INHALED OR IF SKIN IS EXPOSED. If inhaled will cause coughing, difficult breathing or loss of consciousness. SOLID: POISONOUS IF SWALLOWED OR IF SKIN IS EXPOSED. If swallowed will cause dizziness, nausea, vomiting or loss of consciousness.
火災危険
Not flammable.
使用用途
酸化アンチモンの中で最も利用されているのは、酸化アンチモン(Ⅲ)です。酸化アンチモン(Ⅲ)は、難燃剤として合成樹脂やゴム、繊維等に使用されています。プラスチック等の合成樹脂においては、樹脂の特性を損なわないよう少ない添加量で難燃性を発揮させるために、ハロゲン化合物と併用されています。
また、ガラスに添加することで透明性が上がることからガラスの清澄剤としても使用されている物質です。その他では、酸化アンチモン (Ⅲ) は、白色の顔料や重合触媒などに用いられています。
法規制
酸化アンチモン (Ⅲ)は、労働安全衛生法では、名称等を表示すべき危険物及び有害物、名称等を通知すべき危険物及び有害物に該当します。労働基準法では、疾病化学物質に該当します。化学物質管理促進法 (PRTR法) では、第1種指定化学物質に該当します。毒物及び劇物取締法では、劇物に該当しますが、消防法には非該当です。
接触アレルゲン
This hard shiny metal is often alloyed to other elements.
It is used in various industrial fields such as batteries,
printing machines, bearing, textile, and ceramics.
It caused positive patch test reactions in two workers in
the ceramics industry.
安全性プロファイル
Confirmed carcinogen
with experimental carcinogenic and
neoplastigenic data. Poison by intravenous
and subcutaneous routes. Moderately toxic
by other routes. An experimental teratogen.
Other experimental reproductive effects.
Mutation data reported. See also
ANTIMONY COMPOUNDS. When
heated to decomposition it emits toxic Sb
fumes. Incompatible with chlorinated
rubber and heat of 21 6° and with BrF3.
職業ばく露
It is used in flame-proofing, pigments
and ceramics, to stain iron and copper; to decolorize glass;
industrial chemical, dye, pigment, and printing ink.
輸送方法
UN1549 Antimony compounds, inorganic, solid,
n.o.s., Hazard Class: 6.1; Labels: 6.1-Poisonous materials,
Technical Name Required.
不和合性
Incompatible with oxidizers (chlorates,
nitrates, peroxides, permanganates, perchlorates, chlorine,
bromine, fluorine, etc.); contact may cause fires or explosions.
Keep away from alkaline materials, strong bases,
strong acids, oxoacids, epoxides, halogenated acids, chlorinated
rubber, bromine trifluoride. Reduction with hydrogen
forms toxic antimony hydride.
廃棄物の処理
Consult with environmental
regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal
practices. Generators of waste containing this contaminant
(≥100 kg/mo) must conform with EPA regulations governing
storage, transportation, treatment, and waste
disposal.
三酸化アンチモン 上流と下流の製品情報
原材料
準備製品