4-ニトロトルエン 化学特性,用途語,生産方法
外観
黄色, 結晶〜結晶性粉末又は塊
溶解性
水に不溶, エタノール, エーテルに易溶。エタノール及びアセトンに溶けやすく、水にほとんど溶けない。
解説
C7H7NO2(137.14)．C6H4(CH3)NO2．o-，m-，p-ニトロトルエンの3種類の異性体がある．トルエンを混酸でモノニトロ化すれば，o-ニトロトルエン63％，p-ニトロトルエン33％，m-ニトロトルエン4％ の割合でニトロトルエンが生成し，これらは冷却法，減圧蒸留などによってそれぞれを分離できる．また，m-ニトロトルエンのみを合成するには，p-トルイジンをニトロ化，ついでアミノ基をジアゾ化し，ジアゾニウム基を還元分解すれば得られる．p-ニトロトルエンは黄色の結晶であるが，o-ニトロトルエンおよびm-ニトロトルエンは常温では液体である．いずれもエーテル，ベンゼンに可溶．水に難溶であるが，還元すればそれぞれ対応するトルイジンが，酸化すればやはり対応するニトロ安息香酸が得られる．
用途
P-トルイジン、2,4-ジニトロトルエン、2,4,6-トリニトロトルエン、P-ニトロトルエン-O-スルホン酸などの中間物
用途
環境試料中の内分泌攪乱物質のGCーMS分析で標準品として使用されます。
化学的特性
light yellow crystals
使用
4-Nitrotoluene is an explosive material.
調製方法
After distillation of the meta fraction from the isomer mixture, the still residues are cooled in a crystallizer to separate technical quality 4-nitrotoluene. Further distillation of nitrotoluene residues and fractions should be implemented with great care because this has been reported to cause explosions.
一般的な説明
A yellow liquid with a weak aromatic odor. Toxic. Insoluble in water. Combustible but may take some effort to ignite. Produces toxic oxides of nitrogen when burned. In a spill, immediate steps should be taken to limit its spread to the environment. Can easily penetrate the soil and contaminate groundwater or nearby streams. Used to make other chemicals.
空気と水の反応
Insoluble in water.
反応プロフィール
4-Nitrotoluene may react violently with sodium, tetranitromethane, strong oxidizing agents , sulfuric acid and other acids.
危険性
Toxic by inhalation, ingestion, skin absorption. Methemoglobinemia. Questionable carcinogen.
健康ハザード
INHALATION, INGESTION, OR SKIN: Headache, flushed face, dizziness, dyspnea (difficult breathing), cyanosis, nausea, vomiting, muscular weakness, rapid pulse and respiration, irritability, and convulsions.
火災危険
Special Hazards of Combustion Products: Yields toxic oxides of nitrogen when burning.
安全性プロファイル
A poison. Moderately
toxic by ingestion, inhalation, and
intraperitoneal routes. Mildly toxic by skin
contact. Mutation data reported.
Combustible when exposed to heat or
flame. To fight fire, use CO2, dry chemical,
foam. The residue from vacuum distillation
may explode spontaneously. Reacts with
sodmm to form an ignitable product.
Violent reaction with concentrated sulfuric
acid (above 16O°C), sulfuric acid + sulfur
trioxide (above 52°C). Mixtures with
tetranitromethane are sensitive high
explosives. May explode on standing. It has
been involved in plant scale explosions.
When heated to decomposition it emits
toxic fumes of NOx. See also other
methylnitrobenzene entries and NITRO
COMPOUNDS OF AROMATIC
HYDROCARBONS.
職業ばく露
The nitrotoluenes are used in the
production of toluidines and other dye intermediates.
All isomers are used in manufacture of agriculture and
rubber chemicals and in various dyes.
環境運命予測
Biological. Under anaerobic conditions using a sewage inoculum, 3- and 4-nitrotoluene both
degraded to toluidine (Hallas and Alexander, 1983). Robertson et al. (1992) reported that toluene
dioxygenases from Pseudomonas putida F1 and Pseudomonas sp. Strain JS 150 oxidized the
methyl group forming 2-methyl-5-nitrophenol and 3-methyl-6-nitrocatechol.
Chemical. Though no products were identified, 4-nitrotoluene (1.5 x 10
-5 M) was reduced by
iron metal (33.3 g/L acid washed 18 to 20 mesh) in a carbonate buffer (1.5 x 10
-2 M) at pH 5.9 and
15 °C. Based on the pseudo-first-order disappearance rate of 0.0335/min, the half-life was 20.7
min (Agrawal and Tratnyek, 1996).
輸送方法
UN1664 Nitrotoluenes, (o-; m-; p-), Hazard
Class: 6.1; Labels: 6.1-Poisonous materials.
純化方法
Dry it in air, then dry it in a vacuum desiccator over H2SO4. [Wright & Grilliom J Am Chem Soc 108 2340 1986, Beilstein 5 IV 848.]
不和合性
Decomposes on contact with strong oxidizers;
strong acids; reducing agents; strong bases; ammonia,
amines producing toxic fumes, causing fire and explosion
hazard. Heat above 190C may cause explosive decomposition.
Attacks some plastics, rubbers, and coatings.
廃棄物の処理
Controlled incineration-care
must be taken to maintain complete combustion at all
times. Incineration of large quantities may require scrubbers
to control the emission of nitrogen oxides.
4-ニトロトルエン 上流と下流の製品情報
原材料
準備製品