피크린산

피크린산
피크린산 구조식 이미지
카스 번호:
88-89-1
한글명:
피크린산
동의어(한글):
피크르산;2,4,6-트리니트로페놀;트리니트로페놀;피크린산;피크릭산;피크릭애씨드;2-하이드록시-1,3,5-트리니트로벤젠;리드디트;멜리니트;쉬모세;카브아조트산;페놀트리질산;페르티트;피크랄;피크릭 산;피클로질산;피클산
상품명:
PICRIC ACID
동의어(영문):
2,4,6-TRINITROPHENOL;TRINITROPHENOL;Carbazotic Acid;picric;Pikrinsaeure;Acide picrique;PICRIC ACID SOLUTION;Picric acid moistened with water, >=98%;Picral;TNP、PA
CBNumber:
CB1195194
분자식:
C6H3N3O7
포뮬러 무게:
229.1
MOL 파일:
88-89-1.mol
MSDS 파일:
SDS

피크린산 속성

녹는점
122-123 °C (dried material, Lit. Merck Index 12th Ed.)(lit.)
끓는 점
300℃
밀도
1.00 g/mL at 20 °C
증기 밀도
7.9 (vs air)
증기압
1 mm Hg ( 195 °C)
굴절률
1.7630 (estimate)
인화점
150℃
저장 조건
Store at RT.
용해도
알코올: 용해성1 (g/12 mL)(lit.)
산도 계수 (pKa)
0.38(at 25℃)
색상 색인 번호
10305
물리적 상태
용액(포화수용성)
Specific Gravity
1.005
색상
노란색 용액
pH 범위
0.2(colourless)-1(yellow)
폭발한계
0.01%
수용성
(mg/L):
66,670 at 100 °C (quoted, Windholz et al., 1983)
14,000 at 20 °C, 68,000 at 100 °C (quoted, Verschueren, 1983)
최대 파장(λmax)
354nm
Merck
13,7492
BRN
423400
노출 한도
TLV-TWA skin 0.1 mg/m3 (ACGIH, OSHA, and MSHA).
안정성
Stability Unstable; may detonate if struck, heated or ground. Highly flammable if dry. May explode if dry - keep wet at all times. Keep water content above 20%. Flammable. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents, bases, most common metals, ammonia, strong reducing agents. Avoid shock, friction, heat. Compounds formed by reaction with
주요 응용
Explosives, power circuits, energetic materials, liquefied gas fuels, thin films, power generation, batteries, fuel cells, steel, gold films, nanopowder, antifreeze fluid for automobiles, polymerization inhibitors, tattoo removal from skin, antiinfiammatroy agent, treatment of neoplasm
InChIKey
OXNIZHLAWKMVMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N
CAS 데이터베이스
88-89-1(CAS DataBase Reference)
EPA
Picric acid (88-89-1)
안전
  • 위험 및 안전 성명
  • 위험 및 사전주의 사항 (GHS)
위험품 표기 F,T,E,Xn
위험 카페고리 넘버 1-4-11-23/24/25-2-36-20/21/22-3
안전지침서 35-45-37-28-36/37-36-26-16-25
OEB D
OEL TWA: 0.1 mg/m3, STEL: 0.3 mg/m3 [skin]
유엔번호(UN No.) UN 1344 4.1/PG 1
WGK 독일 2
RTECS 번호 TJ7875000
위험 등급 4.1
포장분류 I
유해 물질 데이터 88-89-1(Hazardous Substances Data)
독성 LC50 (48-h) for red killifish 513 mg/L (Yoshioka et al., 1986).
IDLA 75 mg/m3
기존화학 물질 KE-34715
유해화학물질 필터링 97-1-395
함량 및 규제정보 물질구분: 유독물질; 혼합물(제품)함량정보: 피크릭 산과 그 염류 및 이를 25% 이상 함유한 혼합물. 다만, 폭발약은 제외
그림문자(GHS): GHS hazard pictogramsGHS hazard pictograms
신호 어: Danger
유해·위험 문구:
암호 유해·위험 문구 위험 등급 범주 신호 어 그림 문자 P- 코드
H201 폭발성 물질; 대폭발 위험 폭발적인 등급 1.1 위험 GHS hazard pictograms P210, P230, P240, P250, P280,P370+P380, P372, P373, P401, P501
예방조치문구:
P210 열·스파크·화염·고열로부터 멀리하시오 - 금연 하시오.
P230 ...와(과) 젖은 상태로 유지하시오.
P250 연마/충격/마찰/...을(를) 가하지 마시오.
P280 보호장갑/보호의/보안경/안면보호구를 착용하시오.
P301+P310 삼켰다면 즉시 의료기관(의사)의 진찰을 받으시오.
NFPA 704
4
3 4

피크린산 C화학적 특성, 용도, 생산

개요

Picric acid is a white to yellowish crystalline substance, soluble in most organic solvents and highly flammable. Picric acid is a derivative of phenol. It reacts with metals to form metal picrates, which like picric acid itself are highly sensitive. It is often used for tissue fixative (Bouin solution) for histology specimens, as a booster to detonate another, less sensitive explosive, such as trinitotoluene (TNT). It is used in the manufacture of fireworks, matches, electric batteries, coloured glass, dyes, antiseptics, explosives, disinfectants, leather industries, pharmaceutical, and textile. Picric acid is also used as a yellow dye, as an antiseptic, and in the synthesis of chloropicrin, or nitro-trichloromethane. Picric acids are highly sensitive to heat, shock, or friction and because of the explosive nature it is among the most hazardous substances found in the laboratory.

화학적 성질

Picric acid is a highly flammable, white to yellowish crystalline substance. It used in the manufacture of fi reworks, matches, electric batteries, colored glass, explosives, and disinfectants. Pharmaceutical, textile, and leather industries also make use of picric acid.

물리적 성질

White to yellow crystals. Usually present in moist forms because dry picric acid is shock sensitive.

용도

Picric acid and its metal salts are used as explosives. It is also used in making matches; electric batteries, colored glass; in etching copper; and for dyeing textiles.

정의

A yellow crystalline solid made by nitrating phenolsulfonic acid. It is used as a dye and as an explosive. With aromatic hydrocarbons picric acid forms characteristic charge-transfer complexes (misleadingly called picrates), used in analysis for identifying the hydrocarbon.

생산 방법

Picric acid is used in making explosives; as a burster in projectiles; in rocket fuels, fireworks, colored glass, batteries, and disinfectants; in the pharmaceutical and leather industries; as a fast dye for wool and silk; in metal etching and photographic chemicals; and as a laboratory reagent.

일반 설명

A paste or slurry consisting of the yellow crystalline solid mixed with water. The dry compound is a sensitive high explosive. The mixture with water is considered safe for storage, handling and shipping. Can be detonated with a number 8 electric blasting cap. The primary hazard is blast where the entire load explodes instantaneously and not from flying projectiles fragments. Can explode under prolonged exposure to heat.

공기와 물의 반응

Water soluble.

반응 프로필

PICRIC ACID undergoes vigorous reactions with both oxidizing or reducing agents. Burns if ignited by a flame and continues to burns quietly if the quantity is small or, if large, is thinly spread over an area. The dry compound can explode if shocked or exposed to heat. Wetting significantly reduces the tendency to explode. Readily forms salts on contact with many metals (including copper, lead, mercury, zinc, nickel, iron) . The salts are sensitive explosives when subjected to heat, friction, or impact. Contact with concrete floors may form the friction-sensitive explosive calcium picrate [Urbanski, 1964, vol. 1, p. 518]. Contact with metallic zinc or lead can cause detonation. Salts with ammonia, amines and complexes with hydrocarbons are less sensitive [Kirk-Othmer, 1965, vol. 8, p. 617].

건강위험

Exposures to picric acid cause different adverse effects on the skin of animals and humans, such as allergies, dermatitis, irritation, and sensitization. Absorption of picric acid by the system causes headache, fever, nausea, diarrhea, and coma. In high concentrations, picric acid is known to cause damage to the erythrocytes, kidneys, and liver.

화재위험

Picric acid is a high explosive. It is as stable as TNT and about as sensitive to explosive decomposition as TNT. It reacts with many metals and bases, readily forming metal picrates, which are highly sensitive explosive compounds. Metal picrates of iron(III), copper(II), and lead in the dry state are as sensitive as PETN. Its sensitivity is reduced by wetting with water. It explodes when heated above 300°C (572°F).

색상 색인 번호

Contact dermatitis occurred primarily in the explosives industry.

Safety Profile

Poison by ingestion and subcutaneous routes. Mutation data reported. An irritant and an allergen. Shin contact can cause local and systemic allergic reactions. Flammable solid when exposed to heat or flame; can react vigorously with oxidzing materials. Very unstable. A severe explosion hazard when shocked or exposed to heat. It forms salts easily, and many of its salts, known as picrates, are more sensitive explosives than picric acid. It forms unstable salts with concrete, NH3, bases, and metals (e.g., copper, lead, mercury, and zinc). Many of these are heat-, friction-, or impact- sensitive. Mixtures with uranium perchlorate are extremely powerful explosives. mxtures with aluminum and water igmte after a delay period. Can react vigorously with reducing materials. Used in synthesis of dyes, as a drug, to manufacture explosives and matches, to etch copper, and to make colored glass. See also NITRO COMPOUNDS OF AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS and EXPLOSIVES, HIGH.

잠재적 노출

Picric acid is used in the synthesis of dye intermediates and in manufacturing picrates; in the manufacture of explosives, rocket fuels; fireworks, colored glass; matches, electric batteries; and disinfectants. It is also used in the pharmaceutical and leather industries; in copper and steel etching; forensic chemistry; histology, textile printing; and photographic emulsions.

Carcinogenicity

Picric acid was mutagenic in the Ames Salmonella assay in the presence of metabolic activation.

환경귀착

Chemical/Physical. Picric acid explodes when heated >300 °C (Weast, 1986). Shock sensitive! (quoted, Keith and Walters, 1992).

운송 방법

UN0154 Picric acid, dry or wetted with <30% water, by mass, Hazard Class: 1D; Labels:1D-Explosive (with a mass explosion hazard); D-Substances or articles which may mass detonate (with blast and/or fragment hazard) when exposed to fire. UN1344 Picric acid, wetted with not less than 30% water, Hazard Class: 4.1; Labels: 4.1-Flammable solid.

Purification Methods

Crystallise the acid first from acetic acid, then acetone, toluene, CHCl3, aqueous 30% EtOH, 95% EtOH, MeOH or H2O. Dry it in a vacuum for 2hours. Alternatively, dry it over Mg(ClO4)2 or fuse (CARE) and allow it to solidify under a vacuum three times. Because it is EXPLOSIVE, picric acid should be stored moistened with H2O, and only small portions should be dried at any one time. The dry acid should NOT be heated. [Beilstein 6 IV 1388.]

비 호환성

Explosive when dry. Violent reaction with oxidizers and reducing materials. Air or oxygen is not required for decomposition. Shock sensitive compounds can be formed on contact with plaster, concrete. An explosive mixture results when the aqueous solution crystallizes. May explosively decompose from heat, shock, friction, or concussion. Copper, lead, zinc and other metals, or their salts can form other salts that are initiators and much more sensitive to shock than this chemical. Corrodes metals.

폐기물 처리

Controlled incineration in a rotary kiln incinerator equipped with particulate abatement and wet scrubber devices.

주의 사항

Workers should use protective clothing, avoid skin contact, and use goggles and face masks to avoid dust.

참고 문헌

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Picric_acid
https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/picric_acid#section=InChI

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