염화칼슘

염화칼슘 속성

염화칼슘 MSDS

Calcium chloride fused

염화칼슘 C화학적 특성, 용도, 생산

물성

화학식은 CaCl2이다. 복염으로서 타키하이드라이트 등의 광물로서 산출되며 바닷물 속에 0.15% 함유되어 있다. 염화칼슘(CaCl2)은 분자식에서 보는 것처럼 칼슘이온 1개와 염화이온 2개의 비율로 구성된 화학물질이다. 상온에서 고체이고 물에 잘 녹으며 하얀색을 띤다. 염화칼슘은 낮은 온도에서도 물에 잘 녹는다(0℃에서 약 60 g/100 mL). 공기에 포함된 수분을 흡수하기 때문에 밀폐된 공간의 수분 제거 혹은 순수한 기체에 포함된 수분 제거에도 염화칼슘을 이용한다. 염화칼슘의 제습 효과는 실리카 겔의 제습 효과보다 훨씬 뛰어나고, 습도가 낮은 조건에서도 그 효과가 좋다. 그래서 수분에 의해 변질되기 쉽고, 매우 민감한 화학물질을 밀봉이 된 건조용기에 염화칼슘과 함께 보관하면 화학물질이 수분에 의해서 변질되는 것을 막을 수 있다

개요

무수물(無水物, anhydride. 분자 중에서 산소와 수소가 물의 비율대로 떨어져 나간 무기 화합물)은 습기를 흡수하는 성질이 있다. 그리고 조해성(습기를 흡수한 후 스스로 녹는 성질)이 있다. 따라서 무수물은 건조한 환경에서 밀봉하여 보관해야 한다. 물과 알코올, 아세톤에 잘 녹는다. 전기 분해하면 칼슘과 염소로 나뉜다.

용도

무수염 및 2수 화염은 각종 물질의 건조제로 사용 되며 수용액은 냉동기용 및 얼음 제조용의 냉매로 쓰인다. 또 콘크리트에 혼합하여 동결 방지에 사용되며 집진제, 목재, 직물의 방화제,식품, 목제의 방부제등에 사용 된다

제품 소개

말 그대로 염소와 칼슘의 화합물로, 화학식은 CaCl2다. 수용성이며, 상온에서 흰색의 고체다.

순도시험

  (1) 용상 : 이 품목 1g을 물 20mL에 녹일 때, 그 탁도는 약간 미탁 이하이어야 한다.

  (2) 유리산 및 유리알칼리 : 이 품목 1g을 새로 끓여서 식힌 물 20mL에 녹이고 페놀프탈레인시액 2방울을 가하여 이 액에 대하여 다음의 시험을 한다.

    ① 액이 무색이면 0.02N 수산화나트륨용액 2mL를 가할 때, 홍색을 나타내어야 한다.

    ② 액이 홍색이면 그 색은 0.02N 염산 2mL를 가할 때, 없어져야 한다.

  (3) 비소 : 이 품목을 비소시험법에 따라 시험할 때, 그 양은 4.0ppm 이하이어야 한다.

  (4) 납 : 「메타인산나트륨」의 순도시험 (2)에 따라 시험한다(2.0ppm 이하).

  (5) 수은 : 이 품목을 수은시험법에 따라 시험할 때, 그 양은 1.0ppm 이하이어야 한다.

  (6) 불소화물 : 이 품목 1g을 정밀히 달아 「구연산칼슘」의 순도시험 (8)에 따라 시험한다(40ppm 이하).

  (7) 알칼리금속 및 마그네슘 : 이 품목 1g을 물 50mL에 녹이고 염화암모늄 500mg을 혼화하고 1분간 가열한다. 이에 수산용액(3→50) 40mL를 신속히 가하여 격렬히 흔들어 섞고 침전을 생성시킨 다음 즉시 메틸레드시액 2방울 및 암모니아시액을 적가하여 미알칼리성으로 한 다음 냉각한다. 이 액을 100mL 메스실린더에 옮겨 물을 가하여 100mL로 하고 4시간 내지 하룻밤 방치시키고 상등액은 건조여과지로 여과한 다음 여액 50mL를 취하고 이에 황산 0.5mL를 가해주고 증발건고시킨 후 항량이 될 때까지 강열할 때, 그 잔류물은 25mg 이하이어야 한다(5% 이하).

확인시험

  이 품목은 확인시험법 중 염화물 및 칼슘염의 반응을 나타낸다.

정량법

  이 품목 약 5g을 정밀히 달아 물에 녹여 500mL로 하고 그 중 25mL에 물을 가하여 약 100mL로 하고 10% 수산화나트륨용액 15mL를 가하여 약 1분간 방치하여 2-옥시-1-(2''-옥시-4''-설포-1''-나프틸아조)-3-나프토에산시약 약 0.1g을 가하고 즉시 0.05M 이.디.티.에이.용액으로 적정한다. 종말점은 적색이 완전히 없어지고 청색으로 된 때로 한다.

0.05M 이.디.티.에이.용액 1mL ＝ 5.550mg CaCl₂

화학적 성질

Calcium chloride, CaC12, is colorless deliquescent solid that is soluble in water and ethanol. It is formed from the reaction of calcium carbonate and hydrochloric acid or calcium hydroxide and ammonium chloride. It is used in medicine, as an antifreeze, and as a coagulant.

물리적 성질

White crystal, powder or flake; highly hygroscopic; the compound and its solutions absorb moisture from the air at various rates depending on calcium chloride concentrations, relative humidity and vapor pressure of water in the air, temperature, surface area of exposed material, and the rate of air circulation; at 40% and 95% relative humidity and 25°C, one gram anhydrous calcium chloride may absorb about 1.4 g and 17 g water, respectively. (Shearer, W. L. 1978 . In Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology, 3rd ed., vol. 4, pp. 432-6. New York: Wiley Interscience); density 2.15, 2.24, 1.85, 1.83 and 1.71 g/cm3 for the anhydrous salt and its mono-, di-, tetra- and hexahydrates, respectively; anhydrous salts melts at 772°C, while the mono-, di-, tetra- and hexahydrates decompose at 260°, 175°, 45.5° and 30°C, respectively; the anhydrous salt vaporizes at 1,935°C; highly soluble in water, moderate to high solubility in alcohol.
Densities and crystallizing temperatures of commercial calcium chloride solutions (Courtesy Allied Corp.):

출처

Calcium chloride may be found in nature as the mineral tachhydrite, CaCl₂?2MgCl₂?12H₂O. It also is found in other minerals. Its concentration in sea water is about 0.15%.
Calcium chloride has several industrial applications. The major applications of this compound are in deicing of roads, dust control, imparting stability to roads and buildings, and to improve traction in tractor tires. It is mixed with ice to make freezing mixtures. Hexahydrate mixed with crushed ice can lower the temperature of the cooling bath to below -50°C. It also is used as a desiccant for dehydrating gases and liquids. It is added to cement in various proportions to manufacture different types of concrete. Other uses are in adhesives, to lower gel temperatures, and as a calcium source in liquid feed supplements for dairy cattle. Also, the compound is used to control particle size development and reduce coalescence in plastics.

용도

Calcium chloride is highly hygroscopic and is often used as a desiccant.

제조 방법

Calcium chloride is obtained as a by-product in the manufacture of sodium carbonate (soda ash) by ammonia-soda (Solvay) process. The process involves the reaction of sodium chloride with calcium carbonate and ammonia. Calcium chloride is currently produced in bulk amounts by evaporation of natural underground brines. In the laboratory, calcium chloride can be prepared by treating limestone with hydrochloric acid followed by evaporation of solution to obtain crystals. The crystals are dehydrated to obtain anhydrous salt. Calcium oxide or hydroxide may be used instead of carbonate.

정의

calcium chloride: A white deliquescentcompound, CaCl₂, which issoluble in water; r.d. 2.15; m.p.782°C; b.p. >1600°C. There are anumber of hydrated forms, includingthe monohydrate, CaCl₂.H₂O, the dihydrate,CaCl₂.2H₂O (r.d. 0.84), andthe hexahydrate, CaCl₂.6H₂O (trigonal;r.d. 1.71; the hexahydrate loses4H₂O at 30°C and the remaining2H₂O at 200°C). Large quantities of itare formed as a byproduct of theSolvay process and it can be preparedby dissolving calcium carbonateor calcium oxide in hydrochloricacid. Crystals of the anhydrous saltcan only be obtained if the hydratedsalt is heated in a stream of hydrogenchloride. Solid calcium chloride isused in mines and on roads to reducedust problems, whilst the molten saltis the electrolyte in the extraction ofcalcium. An aqueous solution of calciumchloride is used in refrigerationplants.

생산 방법

Calcium chloride is a principal byproduct from the Solvay process.

일반 설명

Calcium Chloride (CaCl₂) is a water soluble ionic crystal with a high enthalpy change of solution. It is majorly derived from limestone and is a by-product of the Solvay process. It is an anhydrous salt that has a hygroscopic nature and can be used as a desiccant.

공기와 물의 반응

Deliquescent. Water soluble. Adding Calcium chloride to hot water caused violent boiling, [MCA Case History No. 69].

반응 프로필

Bromine trifluoride rapidly attacks the following salts: barium chloride, cadmium chloride, Calcium chloride, cesium chloride, lithium chloride, silver chloride, rubidium chloride, potassium bromide, potassium chloride, potassium iodide, rhodium tetrabromide, sodium bromide, sodium chloride, and sodium iodide [Mellor 2 Supp. 1:164, 165 1956]. Long term exposure of Calcium chloride solution upon a zinc coated galvanized iron vessel caused slow evolution of hydrogen which ignited and exploded [Bretherick, 5th Ed., 1995].

건강위험

Inhalation causes irritation of nose and throat. Ingestion causes irritation of mouth and stomach. Contact with eyes (particularly by dust) causes irritation and possible transient corneal injury. Contact of solid with dry skin causes mild irritation; strong solutions can cause marked irritation, even a superficial burn.

Pharmaceutical Applications

The main applications of calcium chloride as an excipient relate to its dehydrating properties and, therefore, it has been used as an antimicrobial preservative, as a desiccant, and as an astringent in eye lotions.
Therapeutically, calcium chloride injection 10% (as the dihydrate form) is used to treat hypocalcemia.

Safety Profile

Moderately toxic by ingestion. Poison by intravenous, intramuscular, intraperitoneal, and subcutaneous routes. Human systemic effects: dermatitis, changes in calcium. Questionable carcinogen with experimental tumorigenic data. Mutation data reported. Reacts violently with (B203 + CaO), BrF3. Reaction with zinc releases explosive hydrogen gas. Catalyzes exothermic polymerization of methyl vinyl ether. Exothermic reaction with water. When heated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes of Cl-. See also CALCIUM COMPOUNDS and CHLORIDES.

Safety

Calcium chloride is used in topical, ophthalmic, and injection preparations. The pure form of calcium chloride is toxic by intravenous, intramuscular, intraperitoneal, and subcutaneous routes, and moderately toxic by ingestion, causing stomach and heart disturbances. It is a severe eye irritant and can cause dermatitis.
LD₅₀ (mouse, IP): 0.21 g/kg
LD₅₀ (mouse, IV): 0.042 g/kg
LD₅₀ (mouse, oral): 1.94 g/kg
LD₅₀ (mouse, SC): 0.82 g/kg
LD₅₀ (rat, IM): 0.025 g/kg
LD₅₀ (rat, IP): 0.26 g/kg
LD₅₀ (rat, oral): 1.0 g/kg
LD₅₀ (rat, SC): 2.63 g/kg

잠재적 노출

Calcium chloride is used as road salt for melting snow, a drying agent in desiccators, for dehydrating organic liquids and gases, in refrigeration brines and antifreeze, as a dust-proofing agent, food additives, concrete hardening accelerator, and others. May react with strong oxidizers.

저장

Calcium chloride is chemically stable; however, it should be protected from moisture. Store in airtight containers in a cool, dry place.

운송 방법

There are no label or maximum shipping quantity requirements set by DOT.

Purification Methods

It is available as fused granules or cubic crystals. It is very hygroscopic, very soluble in H2O (exothermic), and EtOH. Store it in a tightly closed container. [Ehrlich in Handbook of Preparative Inorganic Chemistry (Ed. Brauer) Academic Press Vol I p 931 1963.]

비 호환성

Calcium chloride is incompatible with soluble carbonates, phosphates, sulfates, and tartrates. It reacts violently with bromine trifluoride, and a reaction with zinc releases explosive hydrogen gas. It has an exothermic reaction with water, and when heated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes of chlorine.

Regulatory Status

GRAS listed. Included in the FDA Inactive Ingredients Database (injections, ophthalmic preparations, suspensions, creams). Included in medicines licensed in the UK (eye drops; intraocular irrigation; vaccines; injection powders for reconstitution; nebulizer solution; oral suspension).

염화칼슘 준비 용품 및 원자재

원자재

준비 용품

염화칼슘 공급 업체

공급자	전화	이메일	국가	제품 수	이점
Wuhan Biet Co., Ltd.	+8617320528784	min@biet.com.cn	China	41	58
Auschemicals Pty Ltd	+61406202619	info@auschemicals.com	Australia	431	58
Hebei Mojin Biotechnology Co., Ltd	+8613288715578	sales@hbmojin.com	China	12471	58
Anhui Ruihan Technology Co., Ltd	+8617756083858	daisy@anhuiruihan.com	China	994	58
Henan Fengda Chemical Co., Ltd	+86-371-86557731 +86-13613820652	info@fdachem.com	China	18232	58
Hebei Saisier Technology Co., LTD	+86-18400010335 +86-18034520335	admin@hbsaisier.cn	China	938	58
Ouhuang Engineering Materials (Hubei) Co., Ltd	+8617702722807	admin@hbouhuang.com	China	3001	58
Hebei Longbang Technology Co., LTD	+86-18032476855 +86-18032476855	admin@hblongbang.com	China	439	58
Capot Chemical Co.,Ltd.	571-85586718 +8613336195806	sales@capotchem.com	China	29797	60
Jiangsu Kolod Food Ingredients Co.,Ltd.	+86-518-85110578 +8618805133257	sales3257@jskolod.com	China	132	60

염화칼슘 관련 검색: