Nickelchlorid Chemische Eigenschaften,Einsatz,Produktion Methoden
R-Sätze Betriebsanweisung:
R45:Kann Krebs erzeugen.
R25:Giftig beim Verschlucken.
R36/38:Reizt die Augen und die Haut.
R43:Sensibilisierung durch Hautkontakt möglich.
R50:Sehr giftig für Wasserorganismen.
R50/53:Sehr giftig für Wasserorganismen, kann in Gewässern längerfristig schädliche Wirkungen haben.
R22:Gesundheitsschädlich beim Verschlucken.
R52/53:Schädlich für Wasserorganismen, kann in Gewässern längerfristig schädliche Wirkungen haben.
S-Sätze Betriebsanweisung:
S53:Exposition vermeiden - vor Gebrauch besondere Anweisungen einholen.
S26:Bei Berührung mit den Augen sofort gründlich mit Wasser abspülen und Arzt konsultieren.
S36/37:Bei der Arbeit geeignete Schutzhandschuhe und Schutzkleidung tragen.
S45:Bei Unfall oder Unwohlsein sofort Arzt zuziehen (wenn möglich, dieses Etikett vorzeigen).
S61:Freisetzung in die Umwelt vermeiden. Besondere Anweisungen einholen/Sicherheitsdatenblatt zu Rate ziehen.
S37:Geeignete Schutzhandschuhe tragen.
S29:Nicht in die Kanalisation gelangen lassen.
S24:Berührung mit der Haut vermeiden.
Beschreibung
Nickel chloride, NiCl2, is a water-soluble salt used in a variety
of industries. It is typically produced and used either as an
anhydrous salt or as a hydrate: nickel chloride hexahydrate as
well as nickel chloride dihydrate. Nickel chloride is very rarely
found in nature, and is produced via extraction from nickelcontaining
ores via treatment with hydrochloric acid.
Chemische Eigenschaften
Nickel chloride appears as green or brown
scales, or sparkling golden-yellow powder.
Physikalische Eigenschaften
The anhydrous salt forms yellow crystal scales; deliquesces; density 3.55 g/cm
3; melts at 1,001°C; sublimes at 973°C; highly soluble in water, 64 g/100mL at 20°C; soluble in alcohol.
The hexahydrate forms green monoclinic crystals; deliquesces; extremely soluble in water, 254 g/100mL at 20°C, and about 600 g/100 ml at 100°C; also very soluble in alcohol.
Verwenden
Nickel chloride solutions are used for electroplating nickel onto other metal items.It also is used to prepare various nickel salts and nickel catalysts; and in industrial gas masks to protect from ammonia.
Definition
ChEBI: A compound of nickel and chloride in which the ratio of nickel (in the +2 oxidation state) to chloride is 1:2.
Nickel chloride is a yellow deliquescent solid with a boiling point of 973°C(1690°F). Nickel chloride is soluble in water and alcohol. Nickel chloride(hydrated),NiCI2·H20, is a gray deliquescent solid that is also soluble in water and alcohol.It is used in nickel plating.
Vorbereitung Methode
Nickel chloride (hexahydrate) is obtained by reacting metal
nickel powder or nickel oxide with hot, dilute hydrochloric
acid.
synthetische
Nickel(II) chloride can be obtained by reaction of the elements either in a flow
system at high temperatures or by reaction in ethanol at 20°. It is readily prepared in the laboratory by dehydration of the hexahydrate with thionyl chloride.
Allgemeine Beschreibung
Nickel(II) chloride (NiCl
2) is a nickel based halide that is prepared by burning nickel in chlorine. It is a water soluble compound that crystallizes to form a hexahydrate. It is majorly utilized in organic synthesis as a catalyst and a precursor.
Hazard
Confirmed carcinogen.
Sicherheitsprofil
Confirmed human
carcinogen. Poison by ingestion,
intravenous, intramuscular, and
intraperitoneal routes. An experimental
teratogen. Experimental reproductive
effects. Mutation data reported. When
heated to decomposition it emits very toxic
fumes of Cl-. See also NICICEL
COMPOUNDS.
mögliche Exposition
Nickel chloride is used in electroplating
and ink manufacturing.
Environmental Fate
Nickel chloride is water soluble (642 g l
-1 for anhydrous;
2540 g l
-1 for hexahydrate) and would be expected to release
divalent nickel into the water. Since nickel chloride quickly
dissolves upon exposure to moist environments, and partially
due to the ubiquity of nickel in soil, water, and air, tracking the
course of the salt through the environment is difficult. This is
particularly due to nickel’s ability to complex with anionic
species other than chloride to form nickel oxide, sulfate, nitrate,
carbonate, or acetate, among others.
Industrial uses of nickel chloride result in nickel being
distributed mainly at soil surfaces and through surrounding
waterways and water tables. Once distributed to the soil, nickel
chloride produces nickel(II) ions to potentially form inorganic
crystalline minerals or precipitates, can complex or adsorb onto
organic and inorganic surfaces, can participate in cation
exchange, and can exist as free-ion or chelated metal complexes
in soil solution.
Versand/Shipping
UN3288 Toxic solids, inorganic, n.o.s., Hazard
Class: 6.1; Labels: 6.1-Poisonous materials, Technical
Name Required.
läuterung methode
It crystallises from dilute HCl to form the green hexahydrate. At 70o this dehydrates to the tetrahydrate, and at higher temperatures it forms the anhydrous salt. It sublimes in yellow hexagonal scales in a stream of HCl. Store it in a desiccator as it is deliquescent. [Hart & Partington J Chem Soc 104 1943.]
Inkompatibilitäten
Strong acids, potassium, sulfur. Forms
an impact-sensitive mixture with potassium.
Waste disposal
Recycle or disposal in a
chemical waste landfill is recommended.
Nickelchlorid Upstream-Materialien And Downstream Produkte
Upstream-Materialien
Downstream Produkte
