GALANIN, PORCINE | 88813-36-9

GALANIN, PORCINE Properties

Density	1.50±0.1 g/cm3(Predicted)
RTECS	LW5952050
storage temp.	−20°C
form	powder
Water Solubility	Soluble to 0.50 mg/ml in water
Sequence	H-Gly-Trp-Thr-Leu-Asn-Ser-Ala-Gly-Tyr-Leu-Leu-Gly-Pro-His-Ala-Ile-Asp-Asn-His-Arg-Ser-Phe-His-Asp-Lys-Tyr-Gly-Leu-Ala-NH2

SAFETY

Risk and Safety Statements

WGK Germany	3

GALANIN, PORCINE price More Price(25)

Manufacturer	Product number	Product description	CAS number	Packaging	Price	Updated	Buy
Alfa Aesar	J66251	Galanin human	88813-36-9	0.5mg	$191	2023-06-20	Buy
Alfa Aesar	J66251	Galanin human	88813-36-9	1mg	$342	2023-06-20	Buy
Alfa Aesar	J66770	Galanin, porcine	88813-36-9	0.5mg	$230	2021-12-16	Buy
Alfa Aesar	J66770	Galanin, porcine	88813-36-9	1mg	$357	2021-12-16	Buy
Tocris	3008	Galanin, porcine	88813-36-9	1	$388	2021-12-16	Buy

Product number	Packaging	Price	Buy
J66251	0.5mg	$191	Buy
J66251	1mg	$342	Buy
J66770	0.5mg	$230	Buy
J66770	1mg	$357	Buy
3008	1	$388	Buy

GALANIN, PORCINE Chemical Properties,Uses,Production

Structure

GAL is a 29-aa C-terminally amidated peptide, apart from human GAL, which has 20 aa and no amidated N-terminus. The N-terminal 1–15 aa are highly conserved. Human proGAL: Mr 13,302.1, pI 6.84. Soluble in water and physiological saline solution.
GAL

Gene, mRNA, and precursor

The GAL gene is located on human chromosome 11q13.2, rat chromosome 1q42, and mouse chromosome 19A. The peptide precursor of GAL is encoded by a single-copy gene consisting of six small exons spanning about 6 kb of genomic DNA. Regarding its structure, a sequence of GAL is followed by the signal peptide, and the remainder is called the GAL message-associated peptide (GMAP). GAL is widely expressed in the central and peripheral nervous systems in many mammalian species. In the brain, GAL is synthesized in the dorsal raphe nucleus, locus coeruleus, rostral ventrolateral medulla, central nucleus of the amygdala, paraventricular nucleus, and supraoptic nucleus. GAL is also found in the spinal cord and gut.

Synthesis and release

GAL colocalizes in vasopressin neurons and increases during salt loading, suggesting its influence on osmotically stimulated vasopressin release. GAL gene expression in magnocellular neurons is increased by estrogen.

Receptors

GAL receptors have three subtypes, referred to as GAL receptor types 1, 2, and 3 (GALR1, GALR2, and GALR3).6 The human GALR1 gene contains three exons and is translated into a 349-aa protein. The homology between species is 93% for rat and human GALR1. The expression of GALR1 is regulated by cAMP through the transcription factor CREB. Human GALR2 has 92% sequence identity to rat GALR2, although there is a 15-aa extension of the C-terminal end in human GALR2. The GALR2 gene is expressed more ubiquitously compared with that of GALR1, as it is found in several peripheral tissues, including the pituitary gland, gastrointestinal tract, skeletal muscle, heart, kidney, uterus, ovary, and testis, in addition to the central nervous system. The Galr3 transcript was first isolated from rat hypothalamic cDNA libraries. Human GALR3 consists of 368 aa and shares 36% identity with human GALR1, 58% with human GALR2, and approximately 90% with rat GALR3.

Agonists and Antagonists

M617 (GALR1), M1153, M1145 (GALR2). M35 and galantide (nonselective GALR antagonists), RWJ-57408 (GALR1), M871 (GALR2), and SNAP37889 and SNAP398299 (GALR3).

Biological functions

In rats, GALR1 is prominently distributed in the hypothalamus, amygdala, hippocampus, thalamus, brainstem, spinal cord, dorsal root ganglion (DRG), gut, heart, lung, kidney, muscle, adipocytes, and testis. GALR2 mainly exists in the cortex, hypothalamus, hippocampus, amygdala, cerebellum, DRG, heart, liver, lung, kidney, intestine, uterus, ovary, stomach, pancreas, and testis. GALR3 is found in the hypothalamus, dorsal raphe nucleus, locus coeruleus, and amygdala. GAL is thought to regulate numerous physiological processes in the adult mammalian nervous system, including sleep/wake regulation, energy and osmotic homeostasis, reproduction, nociception, and cognition.

Clinical implications

GAL increases food intake and body weight via GALR1. Intranasal administration is an effective route for the delivery of GAL-related agents into the brain by use of various cyclodextrins. Thus, the intranasal administration of a GALR1 antagonist offers an attractive approach to combat obesity. Clinical studies indicated that the GAL concentration is correlative to the morbidity of type 2 diabetes mellitus in humans. In addition, some clinical studies have shown that the activation of the GAL pathway is effective in treating type 2 diabetes.

Description

GAL is expressed in the brain and peripheral organs, and has diverse physiological actions, including energy homeostasis, reproduction, nociception, and cognition. GAL was isolated in 1983 from the porcine intestine by Tatemoto and colleagues. The GAL peptide has been purified from the chicken, alligator, and fish species, including trout, tuna, bowfin, dogfish, and sturgeon.

Biological Functions

Galanin is colocalized with acetylcholine, 5-HT , and NE in neurons or in brain regions implicated in cognitive and affective behavior, suggesting a possible role in the regulation of 5-HT and NA neurotransmission in depressive states and during the course of antidepressant therapy. Three galanin receptor subtypes have been cloned and studied, but little is known about their specific contributions to behavioral processes. In the CNS, galanin inhibits acetylcholine release, suggesting a possible role for galanin in cholinergic dysfunction; inhibits neurotransmitter release and neuronal firing rate; and inhibits signal transduction by inhibition of phosphatidyl inositol hydrolysis, leading to symptoms of depression. Thus, blocking the inhibitory effects of galanin on monoamine neurotransmitters with galanin receptor antagonists would be predicted to mimic or augment the action of the other monoamine classes of antidepressants."

Clinical Use

Since its discovery in 1983, the neuropeptide galanin has been found to be involved in a wide range of functions, including pain sensation, sexual activity, feeding, and learning and memory. Galanin is widely distributed in the central and peripheral nervous systems and in the endocrine system, and it acts as a inhibitory neuromodulator of NE and 5-HT in the brain. The 29- to 30-amino-acid sequence of galanin is conserved (almost 90% among species), indicating the importance of the molecule among species.

GALANIN, PORCINE Preparation Products And Raw materials

Raw materials

Preparation Products

GALANIN, PORCINE Suppliers

Global( 132)Suppliers

Supplier	Tel	Email	Country	ProdList	Advantage
Shanghai Daken Advanced Materials Co.,Ltd	+86-371-66670886	info@dakenam.com	China	15928	58
Shenzhen Nexconn Pharmatechs Ltd	+86-755-89396905 +86-15013857715	admin@nexconn.com	China	10248	58
Hubei xin bonus chemical co. LTD	86-13657291602	linda@hubeijusheng.com	CHINA	22968	58
Cellmano Biotech Limited	0551-65326643 18156095617	info@cellmano.com	China	999	58
career henan chemical co	+86-0371-86658258 15093356674;	factory@coreychem.com	China	29826	58
Dideu Industries Group Limited	+86-29-89586680 +86-15129568250	1026@dideu.com	China	29220	58
BOC Sciences	+16314854226	inquiry@bocsci.com	United States	19743	58
Zhejiang J&C Biological Technology Co.,Limited	+1-2135480471 +1-2135480471	sales@sarms4muscle.com	China	10523	58
Hangzhou Go Top Peptide Biotech	0571-88211921	sales1@gotopbio.com	CHINA	2609	58
Chengdu Youngshe Chemical Co., Ltd.	+8618108235634	Cecilia@youngshechem.com	China	2345	58

Supplier	Advantage
Shanghai Daken Advanced Materials Co.,Ltd	58
Shenzhen Nexconn Pharmatechs Ltd	58
Hubei xin bonus chemical co. LTD	58
Cellmano Biotech Limited	58
career henan chemical co	58
Dideu Industries Group Limited	58
BOC Sciences	58
Zhejiang J&C Biological Technology Co.,Limited	58
Hangzhou Go Top Peptide Biotech	58
Chengdu Youngshe Chemical Co., Ltd.	58

View Lastest Price from GALANIN, PORCINE manufacturers

Image	Update time	Product	Price	Min. Order	Purity	Supply Ability	Manufacturer
	2020-02-19	GALANIN, PORCINE 88813-36-9	US $7.00 / KG	1KG	99%	100kg	Career Henan Chemical Co

GALANIN, PORCINE
88813-36-9
US $7.00 / KG
99%
Career Henan Chemical Co

88813-36-9(GALANIN, PORCINE)Related Search:

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GALANIN PORCINEGALANIN POR H-GLY-TRP-THR-LEU-ASN-SER-ALA-GLY-TYR-LEU-LEU-GLY-PRO-HIS-ALA-ILE-ASP-ASN-HIS-ARG-SER-PHE-HIS-ASP-LYS-TYR-GLY-LEU-ALA-NH2 GALANIN (PIG) GALANIN, PORCINE GLY-TRP-THR-LEU-ASN-SER-ALA-GLY-TYR-LEU-LEU-GLY-PRO-HIS-ALA-ILE-ASP-ASN-HIS-ARG-SER-PHE-HIS-ASP-LYS-TYR-GLY-LEU-ALA-NH2 GWTLNSAGYLLGPHAIDNHRSFHDKYGLA-NH2 Ccris 6750 Galanin(1-29) porcine L-Alaninamide, glycyl-L-tryptophyl-L-threonyl-L-leucyl-L-asparaginyl-L-seryl-L-alanylglycyl-L-tyrosyl-L-leucyl-L-leucylglycyl-L-prolyl-L-histidyl-L-alanyl-L-isoleucyl-L-alpha-aspartyl-L-asparaginyl-L-histidyl-L-arginyl-L-seryl-L-phenylalanyl-L-histidyl-L-alpha-aspartyl-L-lysyl-L-tyrosylglycyl-L-leucyl- Porcine galanin Porcine galanin(1-29) Pig galanin Gly-L-Trp-L-Thr-L-Leu-L-Asn-L-Ser-L-Ala-Gly-L-Tyr-L-Leu-L-Leu-Gly-L-Pro-L-His-L-Ala-L-Ile-L-Asp-L-Asn-L-His-L-Arg-L-Ser-L-Phe-L-His-L-Asp-L-Lys-L-Tyr-Gly-L-Leu-L-Ala-NH2 Gly-Trp-Thr-Leu-Asn-Ser-Ala-Gly-Tyr-Leu-Leu-Gly-Pro-His-Ala-LLe-Asp-Asn-His-Arg-Ser-Phe-His-Asp-Lys-Tyr-Gly-Leu-Ala-NH2 galanin GALANIN, PORCINE USP/EP/BP Galanin, porcine, ≥97% (HPLC) Glycyl-L-tryptophyl-L-threonyl-L-leucyl-L-asparaginyl-L-seryl-L-alanylglycyl-L-tyrosyl-L-leucyl-L-leucylglycyl-L-prolyl-L-histidyl-L-alanyl-L-isoleucyl-L-a-aspartyl-L-asparaginyl-L-histidyl-L-arginyl-L-seryl-L-phenylalanyl-L-histidyl-L-a-aspartyl-L-lysyl- Mouse Anti-GAL antibody Rabbit Anti-GAL antibody 88813-36-9 C146H213N43O40 多肽抗原小鼠抗大、小鼠、鸡、猪、牛多克隆抗体 Peptides Gastrointestinal Products Galanins BioChemical Biochemicals and Reagents Amino Acids and Peptides Peptide Galanins Neuropeptides Peptides for Cell Biology