トリヒドリドアルミニウム 化学特性,用途語,生産方法
化学的特性
colorless, nonvolatile solid; can be obtained by reacting an ether solution of AlCl3 with LiH; used as a catalyst for organic polymerization processes [MER06]
物理的性質
Colorless cubic crystal; very unstable; decomposes in water; ?Η°? ?11.0 kcal/mol (-46.0kJ/mol).
使用
As catalyst for polymerizations; reducing agent. Lithium aluminum hydride, q.v. is a more powerful reagent because of its greater soly.
製造方法
Aluminum hydride is prepared by the reaction of lithium hydride with aluminum chloride in diethyl ether.
3LiH + AlCl
3 → AlH
3 + 3LiCl
一般的な説明
A colorless to white solid.
空気と水の反応
Ignites in moist air. Ignites in air with or without oxygen enrichment [Bretherick 1979 p. 221]. Explosively hydrolyzed by water (forms hydrogen gas) [Ruff J.K. Inorg. Synth 1967, 9, 34].
反応プロフィール
Aluminium hydride is a powerful reducing agent. May react violently with oxidizers. Prolonged exposure to heat may cause spontaneous decomposition. Can also decompose spontaneously at ambient temperature with explosive violence. Occasionally, explosions have occurred when Aluminium hydride was stored in ether. The explosions have been blamed on the presence of carbon dioxide impurity in the ether [J. Amer. Chem. Soc. 70:877 1948]. Can emit toxic fumes on contact with acid or fumes from an acid. [Lewis]. At elevated temperatures, the hydride reduces carbon dioxide or sodium hydrogen carbonate to methane and ethane. These gases are the explosive products formed when CO2 extinguishers have been used during hydride fires. The 1:1 complexes of the hydride (as a complex with ether or dimethylamine) and various tetrazole derivatives are explosive. Tetrazoles include, 2-methyl, 2-ethyl, 5-ethyl, 2-methyl-5-vinyl, 5-amino-2-ethyl, etc., [US Pat. 3 396 170, 1968].
健康ハザード
Inhalation or contact with vapors, substance or decomposition products may cause severe injury or death. May produce corrosive solutions on contact with water. Fire will produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Runoff from fire control may cause pollution.
火災危険
Produce flammable gases on contact with water. May ignite on contact with water or moist air. Some react vigorously or explosively on contact with water. May be ignited by heat, sparks or flames. May re-ignite after fire is extinguished. Some are transported in highly flammable liquids. Runoff may create fire or explosion hazard.
安全性プロファイル
Hydrides of some metals (such as ASH3 are extremely toxic. Dangerous fire hazard. An unstable material which is spontaneously flammable in air or O2. Evolves explosive H2 upon contact with moisture. Severe explosion hazard by chemical reaction wherein H2 gas is produced, also in contact with methyl ethers contaminated by Con. Mixtures with tetrazole derivatives are explosive. Reacts with oxidzing materials. On contact with acid or acid fumes, it can emit toxic fumes. See also HYDRIDES and ALUMINUM COMPOUNDS.
トリヒドリドアルミニウム 上流と下流の製品情報
原材料
準備製品