酸素ジフルオリド 化学特性,用途語,生産方法
解説
二フッ化酸素(oxygen difluoride)：OF2(54.00)．フッ素を水酸化ナトリウム水溶液にゆっくり通すと得られる．室温では無色の特有臭のある気体．F-O-F折れ線形構造．密度2.19 g cm－3(液体)．O-F約1.418 Å．∠F-O-F約103.2°．融点－223.8 ℃，沸点－145 ℃．125 ℃ までは安定である．比較的安定で冷時はガラスを侵さない．
性質
室温ではCH4，COなどと混合しうるが，これらの混合気体は点火すると爆発的に反応する．室温でも Cl2，Br2 とは爆発的に反応する．HX(X ＝ Cl，Br)では，HFと X2 になる．水に微溶，加水分解は遅いが，アルカリ性水溶液では加速され，フッ化物と O2 になる．多くの金属，非金属と反応してフッ化物をつくる．Xeとの混合気体で放電するとXeのフッ化物，フッ化酸化物を生じる．酸化剤，ロケットの燃料などに用いられる．有毒．
化学的特性
Oxygen difluoride is a colorless gas. Foul, peculiar
odor. Shipped as a nonliquefied compressed gas.
物理的性質
Colorless gas with a characteristic odor; unstable in the presence of moisture, otherwise stable up to 250°C; gas density 2.21g/L at 25°C; liquefies to a yellowish-brown liquid at -144.8°C; density of the liquid 1.90g/ml at -223.8°C; solidifies at -223.8°C; slightly soluble in water, decomposing very slowly; solubility 68ml gas per liter of water at 0°C; slightly soluble in acids and alkali.
使用
Commercial applications of oxygen difluoride are limited. It is used in organic synthesis to prepare fluoropropylenes and acylfluorides. It is used as an oxidizing and fluorinating agent in many preparative reactions and as a monomer in diolefin copolymerization.
製造方法
Oxygen difluoride may be prepared by passing fluorine gas slowly through a dilute solution of caustic soda. Usually a 2% solution of NaOH is suitable for the preparation:
2F
2 + 2 Na OH → 2NaF + OF
2 + H
2O
At a higher alkali concentration, oxygen is formed:
2F
2 + 4NaOH → 4NaF + 2H
2O + O
2 Oxygen difluoride can be produced by electrolysis of an aqueous solution of HF or, alternatively, electroylzing molten potassium hydrogen difluoride, KHF
2, in the presence of water.
一般的な説明
A colorless poisonous gas with a strong peculiar odor. Highly toxic by inhalation. Corrosive to skin and eyes. Can explode on contact with water. Decomposes to toxic gaseous fluorine if heated to high temperature. Prolonged exposure of the containers to high heat may result in their violent rupturing and rocketing. Used as an oxidizer for propellants.
空気と水の反応
Violent explosions resulted when a spark was discharged in a 25-70% mixture of Oxygen difluoride with oxygen over water [Mellor 2, Supp. 1:191. 1956].
反応プロフィール
Oxygen difluoride is an oxidizing agent. Mixtures with carbon monoxide, with hydrogen, or with methane explode on sparking [Streng, A. G., Chem. Rev., 1963, 63, p. 610]. May react explosively with adsorbents (silica, alumina, molecular sieves, silica gel) [Streng A. G., Chem. Eng. News, 1965, 43(12), p. 5]; the presence of moisture may render such mixtures shock-sensitive [Metz, F. I., Chem. Eng. News, 1965, 43(7), p. 41]. Gives explosive reactions with diborane, hydrogen sulfide, nitrogen oxide, nitrosyl fluoride, charcoal, sulfur tetrafluoride. Warming of mixtures with halogens, with metal halides, with aluminum chloride, with antimony pentachloride, and with tungsten gives explosions. Ignites on contact with diborane tetrafluoride, phosphorus pentaoxide, red phosphorus, boron, silicon [Bretherick, 5th ed., 1995, p. 1419]. Incompatible with ammonia, arsenic trioxide, chromium trioxide, chlorine in the presence of copper, ozone [Lewis, 3rd ed., 1993, p. 978]. Reacts to incandescence with aluminum, barium, cadmium, magnesium, strontium, zinc, zirconium. Reacts with the alkali metals (lithium, sodium, potassium) [Streng, A. G., Chem. Rev., 1963, 63, p. 611].
危険性
Oxygen difluoride is a highly toxic gas that attacks lungs, manifesting delayed symptoms. It causes irritation of eyes, lungs, and skin. Chronic exposure can lead to pulminary edema and congestion in lungs. Inhalation also can cause systemic toxic effects in humans. LC
50 inhalation (rat): 136ppm/1 hr The compound is a very powerful oxidizing agent. Contact with reducing agents can cause explosion.
健康ハザード
TOXIC; may be fatal if inhaled or absorbed through skin. Fire will produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Contact with gas or liquefied gas may cause burns, severe injury and/or frostbite. Runoff from fire control may cause pollution.
火災危険
Substance does not burn but will support combustion. Vapors from liquefied gas are initially heavier than air and spread along ground. These are strong oxidizers and will react vigorously or explosively with many materials including fuels. May ignite combustibles (wood, paper, oil, clothing, etc.). Some will react violently with air, moist air and/or water. Cylinders exposed to fire may vent and release toxic and/or corrosive gas through pressure relief devices. Containers may explode when heated. Ruptured cylinders may rocket.
安全性プロファイル
Poison by inhalation. Human systemic effects by inhalation: chronic pulmonary edema or congestion. A corrosive skin, eye, and mucous membrane irritant. Attacks lungs with delayed appearance of symptoms. A very powerful oxidizer. Must be kept away from contact with reducing agents. Explosive reaction with adsorbents (e.g., sllica gel, alumina, molecular sieve), diborane, halogens + heat, metal halides, aluminum chloride, antimony pentachloride (at 1 50℃), tungsten + heat, hydrogen sulfide, liquid nitrogen oxide, nitrosyl fluoride, charcoal, sulfur tetrafluoride. Forms spark-sensitive explosive mixtures with water or combustible gases (e.g., carbon monoxide, hydrogen, methane). Ignites on contact with diborane tetrafluoride, nonmetals (e.g., red phosphorus, boron powder, silicon), phosphorus(V) oxide, nitrogen oxide gas. Incandescent reaction with metals (e.g., aluminum, barium, cadmium, magnesium, strontium, zinc, zirconium, lithium (above 4OO0C)), potassium (above 4OO0C), sodium. Incompatible with NH3, As203, Cl2 + Cu, CrO3, Ir, 03, O2 + H20, Pd, Pt, Rh, Ru, Si02. When heated to decomposition it emits highly toxic fumes of F-. See also FLUORIDES
職業ばく露
Oxygen difluoride is used as an
oxidizer in missile propellant systems.
輸送方法
Oxygen difluoride, compressed Hazard Class:
2.3; Labels: 2.3-Poisonous gas, 5.1-Oxidizer, 8-Corrosive
material, Inhalation Hazard Zone A. Cylinders must be
transported in a secure upright position, in a well-ventilated
truck. Protect cylinder and labels from physical damage.
The owner of the compressed gas cylinder is the only entity
allowed by federal law (49CFR) to transport and refill
them. It is a violation of transportation regulations to refill
compressed gas cylinders without the express written permission
of the owner.
不和合性
A strong oxidizer. Explodes on contact
with steam. Violent reaction with reducing agents; combustible
materials; chlorine, bromine, iodine, platinum, metal
oxides; moist air; hydrogen sulfide (explosive in ambient air);
hydrocarbons, water. Attacks mercury. Reacts, possibly
violently, with many materials including porous materials
(i.e., alumina, charcoal, and silica), mercury, and phosphorus.
廃棄物の処理
Spray or sift on a thick layer
of a (1:1) mixture of dry soda ash and slaked lime behind
ashield. After mixing, spray water from an atomizer
with great precaution. Transfer slowly into a large amount
of water. Neutralize and drain into the sewer with sufficient
water.
酸素ジフルオリド 上流と下流の製品情報
原材料
準備製品