ジボラン 化学特性,用途語,生産方法
解説
ジボラン，融点－165 ℃，沸点－92.5 ℃．密度0.447 g cm－3(－112 ℃)．空気中40～50 ℃ で発火燃焼する．水では加水分解し，湿った空気中でも爆発的に反応して H2 とH3BO3になる．加熱，または光照射で分解し，さらに高次のボランを生成する．水素と加熱しても高次ボランを生じる．HClとはB2H5Clを，Cl2 とはBCl3とHClを，メタノールとはHB(OCH3)2を，オレフィンやベンゼンとは，それぞれアルキルボラン，アリールボランを，N(CH3)3とはH3B·N(CH3)3を生じ，これを加熱すると(CH3)2N·BH2となる．また，－120 ℃ でNH3と反応して[H2B(NH3)2][BH4]となり，これを加熱するとボラジンを生じる．オレフィンの重合の触媒，ほかのボラン類の製造原料，ゴム加硫，還元剤，ロケットの燃料，半導体処理などに用いられる．
用途
エピタキシャルシリコンやドープした酸化シリコンのデポジション、イオン注入のためのP型ドーパント 半導体用以外ではオレフィン重合触媒、還元剤、ロケット推進薬の火焔促進薬
製法
水素化アルミニウムリチウムLiAlH4などの金属水素化物と三フッ化ホウ素エチルエーテル錯化合物BF3·(C2H5)2Oとの反応で得られる．
説明
Diborane is a colorless gas at room temperature
and atmospheric pressure. It has an unpleasant,
distinctive, sickly sweet odor. Diborane is a
highly flammable gas that forms a flammable
mixture with air over a range of 0.9 percent to
98 percent diborane (at 1 atm). Diborane bums
in air (or oxygen) with a blue to green flame.
Diborane is considered pyrophoric at room
temperature. The gas is easily ignited by a spark
or the heat of reaction with moisture in air.
Pure diborane is insensitive to mechanical
shock; however, shock and thermally sensitive
mixtures may be formed in the presence of impurities
such as oxygen, water, halogenated hydrocarbons,
and so on. Thermal decomposition
of diborane to hydrogen can result in excessive
pressure buildup. Vessels for containment
of diborane should be designed to contain
such resultant decomposition pressure.
化学的特性
Diborane is a compressed, colorless, and flam-
mable gas. It has a nauseating, sickly sweet odor.
使用
Diborane is used as a rocket propellant, in thevulcanization of rubber, as a polymerizationcatalyst, as a reducing agent, in the synthesisof trialkyl boranes, and as a doping agent(Merck 1996).
空気と水の反応
Highly flammable. Ignites spontaneously in moist air (forms hydrogen and boric acid), [Haz. Chem. Data (1966)]. Oxygen and Diborane form spontaneously explosive mixtures, [J. Amer. Chem. Soc. 76, 1997(1954)].
反応プロフィール
Diborane is a colorless, air and moisture-sensitive gas, highly toxic. Diborane ignites in air. Diborane is very explosive when exposed to heat or flame, on contact with moisture Diborane produces hydrogen gas. Explosive reaction with benzene vapor, chlorine, nitric acid and tetravinyllead [Bretherick, 5th ed., 1995, p. 77]. Explosive reaction with dimethyl sulfoxide [Shriver, 1969, p. 209], violent reaction with halocarbon liquids used as fire extinguishants (e.g., carbon tetrachloride). Reaction with Al or Li produces complex hydrides that may ignite spontaneously in air [Haz. Chem. Data, 1975, p. 114].
危険性
Diborane is pyrophoric and will ignite upon exposure to air. The boiling point is ?135°F and the flammable range is 0.8%–88% in air. The ignition temperature is 100° (37°C) to 140°F (60°C), and the flash point is 130°F (54°C). Diborane will react violently with halogenated fire-extinguishing agents, such as the halons. The four-digit UN identification number is 1911. The NFPA 704 designation is health 4, flammability 4, and reactivity 3. The white section of the diamond has a W with a slash through it, indicating water reactivity.
健康ハザード
Boranes are highly toxic by inhalation, skin absorption or ingestion. They may produce acute or chronic poisoning. Diborane is an irritant to the lungs and kidneys. The primary effect of Diborane poisoning is lung congestion caused by local tissue irritation produced by the exothermic reaction of hydrolysis.
火災危険
Diborane will ignite spontaneously in moist air at room temperature. Also, Diborane reacts violently with vaporizing liquid-type extinguishing agents. Diborane hydrolyzes in water to hydrogen and boric acid. Incompatible with air, halogenated compounds, aluminum, lithium, active metals, oxidized surfaces, chlorine, fuming nitric acid, nitrogen trifluoride, oxygen, and phosphorus trifluoride. Avoid moist air, electrical sparks, open flames or any other heat source. Hazardous polymerization may occur.
燃焼性と爆発性
Diborane is a flammable gas that ignites spontaneously in moist air at room temperature and forms explosive mixtures with air from 0.8% up to 88% by volume. Diborane reacts with halogenated hydrocarbons, and fire extinguishing agents such as Halon or carbon tetrachloride are therefore not recommended. Carbon dioxide extinguishers should be used to fight diborane fires. Fires involving diborane sometimes release toxic gases such as boron oxide smoke.
材料の用途
Common metals are suitable as materials of
construction. These include the following metals
and metal alloys: chrome-molybdenum steel,
Type 300 stainless steel, brass, lead, Monel,
K-Monel, and nickel. Piping and appurtenances
for undiluted diborane must be designed by
experienced engineers and safety and fire protection specialists. Saran, polyethylene, Kel-F,
Teflon, graphite, and high-vacuum silicone
grease are satisfactory for use with diborane.
In addition to the ability of a material to withstand
chemical attack, the evaluation of materials
compatibility with diborane should also emphasize
the effect of the material on diborane
stability (as expressed by the decomposition
rate). The use of the following materials is not
recommended:
? Metal oxides
? Natural rubbers
? Neoprene
? Leak-lock
? Permatex
? Ordinary oil and grease
? Nordel 1145 RPT elastomer, unfilled and
Si02-filled
? silicon elastomer, unfilled and SiOrfilled
? CIS-4 polybutadiene elastomer, unfilled
and SiOrfilled
職業ばく露
Diborane is used as the source of
boron in the semiconductor industry; as a catalyst for olefin
polymerization; a rubber vulcanizer; a reducing agent;
a flame-speed accelerator; a chemical intermediate for
other boron hydrides; as a doping agent; in rocket propel-
lants, and in the conversion of olefins to trialkyl boranes
and primary alcohols.
貯蔵
diborane should be used only in a fume hood free of ignition sources and should be stored in a cold, dry, wellventilated area separated from incompatible substances and isolated from sources of sparks and open flames.
輸送方法
UN1911 Diborane, Hazard Class: 2.3; Labels:
2.3-Poisonous gas, 2.1-Flammable gas Inhalation Hazard
Zone A. Cylinders must be transported in a secure upright
position, in a well-ventilated truck. Protect cylinder and
labels from physical damage. The owner of the compressed
gas cylinder is the only entity allowed by federal law
(49CFR) to transport and refill them. It is a violation of
transportation regulations to refill compressed gas cylinders
without the express written permission of the owner.
不和合性
A strong reducing agent. Unstable above
8
C. The presence of contaminants may lower the autoigni-
tion temperature; ignition may take place at, or below,
room temperature. Diborane can polymerize, forming liquid
pentaborane (See P:0190). It ignites spontaneously in moist
air; and on contact with water, hydrolyzes exothermically
forming hydrogen and boric acid. Contact with halogenated
compounds (including fire extinguishers) may cause fire
and explosion. Contact with aluminum, lithium and other
active metals form hydrides which may ignite spontane-
ously. Incompatible with aluminum, carbon tetrachloride;
nitric acid; nitrogen trifluoride and many other chemicals.
Reacts with oxidized surfaces. Attacks some plastics,
rubber or coatings.
廃棄物の処理
Return refillable compressed
gas cylinders to supplier. Incineration with aqueous scrub-
bing of exhaust gases to remove B2O3 particulates.
ジボラン 上流と下流の製品情報
原材料
準備製品
(E)-2,4-ジクロロ-(1-2H)-1-ペンテン
デノパミン
2-(1-HYDROXYLAMINOETHYL)-BENZOTHIOPHENE
フルオキセチン
(-)-アンブロキシド
シラザプリル水和物
ハロファントリン
Germane, bromo-(6CI,7CI,8CI,9CI)
(1,1,2-トリメチルプロピル)ボラン
トリフェニルスタンナン
ボラン - ジイソプロピルアミン コンプレックス
ジシクロヘキシルボラン
ボラン - 5-エチル-2-メチルピリジン コンプレックス
2,4,6-トリメトキシボロキシン
9‐ボラビシクロ[3.3.1]ノナン,ダイマー
トリメチルアミン ボラン
N,N-ジエチルアニリン ボラン
トリエチルアミン ボラン