2-フェノキシエタノール 化学特性,用途語,生産方法
外観
無色澄明の液体
定義
本品は、次の化学式で表される芳香族エーテルアルコールである。
溶解性
水に微溶 (2.7g/100ml)。有機溶剤に可溶。エタノールに極めて溶けやすく、水にややとけにくい。
解説
C8H10O2(138.16)．2-フェノキシエタノールは，エチレングリコールモノフェニルエーテルともいう．フェノールとエチレンオキシド，またはフェノキシドとエチレンクロロヒドリンとの反応で得られる．融点13 ℃，沸点245 ℃．d420"1.11．nD20"1.534．有機合成原料のほか，香料の保留剤，殺菌剤や昆虫の防除剤として利用される．森北出版「化学辞典（第2版）
用途
溶剤（インキ、香料、農薬）
用途
高沸点溶剤、有機合成原料。
用途
香料保留剤,殺菌剤,防虫剤,織物なっ染助剤,写真フィルム添加剤,塗料防カビ剤
合成
フェノールとオキシラン（）やブロモエタノール、エチレンカーボネートと反応させることでヒドロキシエチル化が進行し合成される。
化粧品の成分用途
防腐剤、殺菌剤、香料
効能
消毒薬, 保存剤
説明
Phenoxyethanol is an organic chemical compound, a glycol ether often used in dermatological products such as skin creams and sunscreen. It is a colorless oily liquid. It is a bactericide (usually used in conjunction with quaternary ammonium compounds). Phenoxyethanol is used in many applications such as cosmetics, vaccines and pharmaceuticals as a preservative.
化学的特性
clear colorless liquid
特性
Phenoxyethanol is a tried-and-tested preservative, which is welltolerated by the skin and has a low allergy risk. It can be used over a wide pH range. This means that other preservatives can lose their effectiveness if the product is not within the right pH range. It does not smell unpleasant or change the color of the product, which can be the case when using natural antimicrobial substances.
使用
Phenoxyethanol is a preservative used in consumer and health care products, including vaccines, pen inks, ear drops, shampoos, skin cleansers, moisturizers, sun care products, and topical medicaments. The preservative Euxyl-K 400 also contains 2-phenoxyethanol, in combination with methyldibromoglutaronitrile.
Phenoxyethanol is commonly used in cosmetics for its antibacterial and antifungal properties. It is increasingly being used in vaccines as a substitute for thiomersal and is also a component of pen inks and, more rarely, ear drops.Reactions to phenoxyethanol have rarely been reported. Three cases of CoU induced by phenoxyethanol in cosmetics have been reported.2-Phenoxyethanol is used as a single agent and in combination with other preservatives such as 1,2-dibromo-2,4-dicyanobutane (Euxyl K 400) and parabens, or in conjunction with quaternary ammonium compounds.The possibility of immunological IgE-mediated reaction could not be confirmed because specific IgE against 2-phenoxyethanol was negative.
調製方法
Phenoxyethanol is prepared by treating phenol with ethylene oxide
in an alkaline medium.
一般的な説明
Colorless liquid with a pleasant odor. Density 1.02 g / cm3. An irritant.
空気と水の反応
Oxidizes in air to form unstable peroxides that may explode spontaneously [Bretherick, 1979 p.151-154, 164]. Water soluble.
反応プロフィール
2-Phenoxyethanol may react violently with strong oxidizing agents. May generate flammable and/or toxic gases with alkali metals, nitrides, and other strong reducing agents. May initiate the polymerization of isocyanates and epoxides.
健康ハザード
May cause moderate eye irritation and moderate corneal injury. Excessive exposure may cause skin irritation and hemolysis.
火災危険
2-Phenoxyethanol is combustible.
使用用途
フェノキシエタノールは、抗菌力を持つことから、様々なものに対する防腐剤として使用されることが多いです。
特に化粧品での使用が多く、パラベンフリーなどが注目を集める中、安全性が高く多種の微生物に広く効果がある防腐剤として添加されることが多くなってきました。フェノキシエタノールが配合された化粧品は、香料などを使用していなくても花のような特徴的な香りがします。
化粧品以外にも、防腐の効果を必要とするものは多数あります。医薬品、染料、インク、樹脂、、防虫剤、塗料の防黴剤、写真フィルムの添加剤、消毒薬など幅広い分野に使用されています。
応用例（製薬）
Phenoxyethanol is an antimicrobial preservative used in cosmetics
and topical pharmaceutical formulations at a concentration of
0.5–1.0%; it may also be used as a preservative and antimicrobial
agent for vaccines.Therapeutically, a 2.2% solution or 2.0%
cream has been used as a disinfectant for superficial wounds, burns,
and minor infections of the skin and mucous membranes.
Phenoxyethanol has a narrow spectrum of activity and is thus
frequently used in combination with other preservatives,
工業用途
2-Phenoxyethanol is used as a preservative in cosmetic formulations at a maximum concentration of 1.0%.
2-Phenoxyethanol is a broad spectrum preservative which has excellent activity against a wide range of Gram negative and Gram positive bacteria, yeast and mould. It is also used as a solvent and, because of its properties as a solvent, it is used in many blends and mixtures with other preservatives.
2-Phenoxyethanol is not registered as a food additive in the EU.
Scognamiglio et al. (ref. 105) reported that 2-phenoxyethanol is a fragrance ingredient used in many fragrance mixtures (see discussion). An ester of 2-Phenoxyethanol, 2-Phenoxyethyl isobutyrate and 2-Phenoxyacetic acid, the main metabolite of 2-Phenoxyethanol, were mentioned in a WHO publication where 43 flavouring agents in food were evaluated (WHO 2003, AR4), however at intakes assessed to be very low in Europe (around 1 µg/kg bw/day).
接触アレルゲン
Phenoxyethanol is an aromatic ether-alcohol used
mainly as a preservative, mostly with methyldibromoglutaronitrile
(in Euxyl? K 400) or with parabens.
Sensitization to this molecule is very rare.
安全性プロファイル
Moderately toxic by ingestion and skin contact. A skin and severe eye irritant. Mutation data reported. Some glycol ethers have dangerous human reproductive effects. Combustible when exposed to heat or flame; can react vigorously with oxidizing materials. When heated to decomposition it emits acrid smoke and irritating fumes. To fight fEe, use CO2, dry chemical. Used as a solvent for ester-type resins. See also GLYCOL ETHERS.
安全性
Phenoxyethanol produces a local anesthetic effect on the lips, tongue, and other mucous membranes. The pure material is a moderate irritant to the skin and eyes. In animal studies, a 10% v/v solution was not irritant to rabbit skin and a 2% v/v solution was not irritant to the rabbit eye.Long-term exposure to phenoxyethanol may result in CNS toxic effects similar to other organic solvents.Safety issues related to preservatives used in vaccines, including 2-phenoxyethanol have been reviewed.Contact urticaria has been reported upon exposure to 2-phenoxyethanol-containing cosmetics.
The US FDA has recommended avoiding at least one topical product containing phenoxyethanol due to concerns over inadvertant exposure to nursing infants.
LD
50 (rabbit, skin): 5 g/kg
LD
50 (rat, oral): 1.26 g/kg
概要
フェノキシエタノール（別称:エチレングリコールモノフェニルエーテル、フェニルセロソルブ）とは、とがエーテル結合した有機化合物です。沸点247℃、融点-2℃、密度1.10 g/cm3で、常温では無色の粘性液体、バラのような香りがするのが特徴です。
水やアルコール類、など様々なものにも溶解しやすいことから取り扱いが容易といえます。緑茶にも含まれており、自然界にも存在する天然有機化合物です。常圧での引火点は121 ℃です。
貯蔵
Aqueous phenoxyethanol solutions are stable and may be sterilized
by autoclaving. The bulk material is also stable and should be stored
in a well-closed container in a cool, dry place.
不和合性
The antimicrobial activity of phenoxyethanol may be reduced by
interaction with nonionic surfactants and possibly by absorption by
polyvinyl chloride.The antimicrobial activity of phenoxyethanol
against Pseudomonas aeruginosa may be reduced in the presence of
cellulose derivatives (methylcellulose, sodium carboxymethylcellulose,
and hypromellose (hydroxypropylmethylcellulose)).
規制状況(Regulatory Status)
Included in the FDA Inactive Ingredients Database (topical
preparations). Included in nonparenteral medicines licensed in the
UK. Included in the Canadian List of Acceptable Non-medicinal
Ingredients.
Under European regulations for cosmetics (76/768/EEC), the
maximum authorized concentration (MAC) of 2-phenoxyethanol is
1.0%.
2-フェノキシエタノール 上流と下流の製品情報
原材料
準備製品