1-プロパノール 化学特性,用途語,生産方法
外観
無色澄明の液体
定義
本品は、次の化学式で表される脂肪族アルコールである。
溶解性
水、エタノールに極めて溶けやすい。
解説
1-プロパノール，エタノールに似た香りをもつ無色の液体．融点－126.2 ℃，沸点97.21 ℃．d254 0.79948．n25D 1.38355．爆発範囲2.1～13.5体積％．水，エタノール，エーテルに易溶．塗料，印刷インキなどの溶剤として用いられる．
森北出版「化学辞典（第2版）
用途
HPLC分析における溶離液及びその調製。
用途
溶剤(インキ、塗料、化粧品、殺虫剤)、プロピル基導入化学品(自動車補修用塗料、ハイソリッド塗料システム)
用途
溶剤、有機合成原料
合成
1-プロパノール，炭素数3の脂肪族飽和アルコールを総称する場合もあるが，そのうちとくに末端炭素にヒドロキシ基をもつ1-プロパノールをいう．n-プロパノールともよばれる．フーゼル油中に数％ 含まれる．実験室的には，塩化エチルマグネシウムとトリオキシメチレンとの反応で得られる．工業的には，フーゼル油から分留するか，エテン，一酸化炭素および水素からオキソ合成で得られるプロピオンアルデヒドを水素化して合成される．また，メタノール合成の副生物としても得られる．
化粧品の成分用途
減粘剤、溶剤、香料、消泡剤
使用上の注意
不活性ガス封入
説明
1-propanol is the compound with the hydrogen atom in the propane molecules being replaced by hydroxyl group. Because the hydroxyl group can substitute the hydrogen atoms contained in the carbons in the two terminals of carbon chain or middle carbon, thus generating two isomers, n-propyl alcohol and isopropyl alcohol.
The chemical property of the 1-propanol is similar to that of ethanol. It is the byproduct during the process of the methanol synthesis from carbon monoxide and hydrogen. At room temperature and normal pressure, it appears as colorless transparent liquid with fragrance odor. In industry, it is prepared through the reaction between ethylene, carbon monoxide and hydrogen under high pressure and cobalt catalysis; alternatively through the hydration of propylene under the action of sulfate or through the catalytic hydrogenation of acetone. It is commonly used as a solvent with irritating effect on the eyes and mucosa. Inhalation of propyl alcohol steam can lead to dizziness, headache and vomiting, etc.
化学的特性
1-Propanol is a clear, colorless liquid with an alcoholic odor and a characteristic ripe, fruity flavor. It is soluble in water and miscible with organic solvents (Propanols). It has better dissolution properties than ethanol for fats and oils, and dissolves polar resins in the same way as ethanol. Cellulose nitrate and poly(vinyl acetate) are, however, almost insoluble. For economic reasons propanol is of only limited use as a solvent, and is a starting material for esters.
物理的性質
Colorless liquid with a mild, alcohol-like odor. Experimentally determined detection and
recognition odor threshold concentrations were <75 μg/m
3 (<31 ppb
v) and 200 μg/m
3 (81 ppb
v),
respectively (Hellman and Small, 1974). An odor threshold concentration of 100 ppb
v was
reported by Nagata and Takeuchi (1990).
天然物の起源
Reported found in the natural aromas of apple, cognac and rum; also formed during alcoholic fermentation.
Also reported found in apple, apricot, banana, sweet cherry, papaya, pineapple, orange juice, lingonberry, cranberry, grapes, peas,
pineapple, raspberry, strawberry, onion, leek, tomato, ginger, vinegar, many cheeses, butter, fatty fish, fish oil, cooked beef, mutton
and pork, beer, several types of bread, pear brandy, Scotch blended whiskey, malt whiskey, cognac, armagnac, weinbrand rum, bourbon
whiskey, Irish whiskey, rum, grape wines, cider, sherry, cocoa, tea, roasted filberts and peanuts, honey, soybean, oats, passion
fruit, plum, beans, mushroom, apple and plum brandy, gin, rice, rice bran, quince, prickly pear, jackfruit, sake, buckwheat, loquat,
wild rice, anise brandy, endive, truffle, arrack, clam, cape gooseberry and Chinese quince.
使用
1-Propanol is used in making n-propyl acetate; and as a solvent for waxes, resins, vegetable oils, and flexographic printing ink. It is produced from the fermentation and spoilage of vegetable matter.
主な応用
The propanols are used mainly as solvents for coatings; in antifreeze compositions and household and personal products; and as chemical intermediates for the production of esters, amines, and other organic derivatives. As a solvent, 1-propanol is used principally in printing inks, paint, cosmetics, pesticides, cellulose esters and insecticides.
1-Propanol is used commercially to produce glycol ethers. These are characterized by dual functionality, which imparts high solvency, chemical stability, and water compatibility.
製造方法
1-Propanol is produced commercially by the oxo process by reacting ethylene with carbon monoxide and hydrogen in the presence of a catalyst to give propionaldehyde, which is then hydrogenated. 1-Propanol [71-23-8] is the major product of catalytic reduction of propanal (→Propanols). Reduction is carried out most economically by a continuous vapor-phase process over a heterogeneous catalyst of supported reduced nickel, copper, and/or zinc and manganese metals.
定義
ChEBI: 1-Propanol is the parent member of the class of propan-1-ols that is propane in which a hydrogen of one of the methyl groups is replaced by a hydroxy group. It has a role as a protic solvent and a metabolite. It is a short-chain primary fatty alcohol and a member of propan-1-ols.
一般的な説明
N-propanol appears as a clear colorless liquid with a sharp musty odor like rubbing alcohol. Flash point 53-77 °F. Autoignites at 700 °F. Vapors are heavier than air and mildly irritate the eyes, nose, and throat. Density approximately 6.5 lb / gal. Used in making cosmetics, skin and hair preparations, pharmaceuticals, perfumes, lacquer formulations, dye solutions, antifreezes, rubbing alcohols, soaps, window cleaners, acetone and other chemicals and products.
空気と水の反応
Highly flammable. Water soluble.
反応プロフィール
1-Propanol reacts with alkali metal, nitrides and strong reducing agents to give flammable and/or toxic gases. Reacts with oxoacids and carboxylic acids to form esters plus water. Converted by oxidizing agents to propanal or propionic acid. May initiate the polymerization of isocyanates and epoxides. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents .
危険性
Flammable, dangerous fire risk. Explosive
limits in air 2–13%. Toxic by skin absorption. Eye
and upper respiratory tract irritant. Questionable
carcinogen.
健康ハザード
Target organs: skin, eyes, gastrointestinal tracts, and respiratory system. Toxic routes: ingestion, inhalation, and skin contact.
LD50 value, oral (rats): 5400 mg/kg (NIOSH1986)
LD50 value, skin (rabbits): 6700 mg/kg(NIOSH 1986)
Ingestion causes headache, drowsiness,abdominal cramps, gastrointestinal pain,ataxia, nausea, and diarrhea. Eye contactproduces irritation. It may cause dermatitison repeated skin contact. Although thetoxicity of 1-propanol is low, at a highconcentration it may produce a narcoticeffect, as well as irritation of the eyes, nose,and throat..
火災危険
HIGHLY FLAMMABLE: Will be easily ignited by heat, sparks or flames. Vapors may form explosive mixtures with air. Vapors may travel to source of ignition and flash back. Most vapors are heavier than air. They will spread along ground and collect in low or confined areas (sewers, basements, tanks). Vapor explosion hazard indoors, outdoors or in sewers. Runoff to sewer may create fire or explosion hazard. Containers may explode when heated. Many liquids are lighter than water.
安全性プロファイル
Poison by
subcutaneous route. Moderately toxic by
inhalation, ingestion, intraperitoneal, and
intravenous routes. A skin and severe eye
irritant. Questionable carcinogen with
experimental carcinogenic data. Mutation
data reported. A flammable liquid and
dangerous fire hazard when exposed to heat,
flame, or oxidizers. Explosive in the form of
vapor when exposed to heat or flame.
Ignites on contact with potassium-tert-
butoxide. Dangerous upon exposure to heat
or flame; can react vigorously with oxidizing materials. To fight fire, use alcohol foam,
CO2, dry chemical. When heated to
decomposition it emits acrid smoke and
irritating fumes.
職業ばく露
n-Propyl alcohol is used as as solvent
in lacquers, dopes; to make cosmetics; dental lotions; clea-
ners, polishes, and pharmaceuticals; as a surgical antiseptic.
It is a solvent for vegetable oils, natural gums and resins;
rosin, shellac, certain synthetic resins; ethylcellulose, and
butyral; as a degreasing agent; as a chemical intermediate.
発がん性
Eighteen Wistar rats were dosed
by oral gavage with 0.3 mL/kg twice weekly. The average
survival time was 570 days. In addition to severe liver injury
and hyperplasia of the hematopoietic parenchyma, 5 malignant
tumors (2 myeloid leukemias, 2 liver sarcomas, and 1 liver cell carcinoma) and 10 benign tumors were observed.
Three benign but no malignant tumors were found in the
controls given saline.
環境運命予測
Biological. In activated sludge inoculum, following a 20-d adaptation period, 98.8% COD
removal was achieved. The average rate of biodegradation was 71.0 mg COD/g?h (Pitter, 1976).
Using the BOD technique to measure biodegradation, the mean 5-d BOD value (mM BOD/mM 1-
propanol) and ThOD were 2.70 and 60.0%, respectively (Vaishnav et al., 1987).
Photolytic. Reported rate constants for the reaction of 1-propanol and OH radicals in the atmosphere: 2.3 x 10
-12 cm
3/molecule?sec at 300 K (Hendry and Kenley, 1979); 2.3 x 10
-9
L/molecule?sec (second-order) at 292 K (Campbell et al., 1976), 5.33 x 10
-12 cm
3/molecule?sec at
296 K (Overend and Paraskevopoulos, 1978). Based on an atmospheric OH concentration of 1.0 x
106 molecule/cm
3, the reported half-life of 1-propanol is 1.5 d (Grosjean, 1997).
Chemical/Physical. At an influent concentration of 1,000 mg/L, treatment with GAC resulted in
an effluent concentration of 811 mg/L. The adsorbability of the carbon used was 38 mg/g carbon
(Guisti et al., 1974).
輸送方法
UN1274, n-Propanol, Hazard Class: 3; Labels:
3-Flammable liquid.
不和合性
Vapors may form explosive mixture with
air. Incompatible with oxidizers (chlorates, nitrates, perox-
ides, permanganates, perchlorates, chlorine, bromine, fluo-
rine, etc.); contact may cause fires or explosions. Keep
away from alkaline materials, strong bases, strong acids,
oxoacids, epoxides. n-Propanol reacts with alkali metal,
nitrides and strong reducing agents to give flammable and/
or toxic gases. Reacts with oxoacids and carboxylic acids
to form esters plus water. Converted by oxidizing agents to
propanal or propionic acid. May initiate the polymerization
of isocyanates and epoxides
廃棄物の処理
Dissolve or mix the material
with a combustible solvent and burn in a chemical incinera-
tor equipped with an afterburner and scrubber. All federal,
state, and local environmental regulations must be
observed.
1-プロパノール 上流と下流の製品情報
原材料
準備製品