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Argon

아르곤 C화학적 특성, 용도, 생산

개요

Argon belongs to the family of inert, rare gases of the atmosphere. It is plentiful compared to the other rare atmospheric gases; I million ft3 (28 300 m3) of dry air contains 9340 ft3 (264 m3 ) of argon. Argon is colorless, odorless, tasteless, and nontoxic. It is extremely inert and forms no known chemical compounds. It is slightly soluble in water.

화학적 성질

With the symbol A, argon is a nonflammable gas; one of the elements in the inert gas category. It is colorless.

물리적 성질

Argon is a colorless, odorless, tasteless, chemically inert noble gas that makes up about0.93% of the Earth’s atmosphere. It is the third most abundant gas in the atmosphere, meaningit is more common than carbon dioxide, helium, methane, and hydrogen.
Its melting point is –189.35°C, its boiling point is –185.85°C, and its density is0.0017837g/cm³.

Isotopes

There are a total of 24 isotopes of argon, three of which are stable. They areAr-36, which constitutes just 0.3365% of the natural amount of argon; Ar-38, which contributesjust 0.0632% to the amount of argon on Earth; and Ar-40, which, by far, constitutesthe most argon on Earth, 99.6003% of its natural abundance.

Origin of Name

The name “argon” is derived from the Greek word argos, meaning “inactive.”

출처

Argon is the 56th most abundant element on Earth. It is the most abundant of all the noblegases found in the atmosphere. In fact, the only source of argon is the atmosphere, where it isfound at just under 1% of air by volume.
There are several methods of producing argon. The most common is by fractional distillationof liquid air. Argon is collected as a by-product of this large-scale commercial process.During fractional distillation, argon boils off at its own unique temperature. It is then collectedand purified by passing it through charcoal to filter out helium and other gases, producingsignificant amounts of argon.

Characteristics

Although argon is considered chemically inert, at low temperatures it is possible to combineargon with other atoms to form very fragile compounds, which exist only at those verylow temperatures. For instance, it can combine with fluorine and hydrogen to form argonfluorohydride (HArF). It is only slightly soluble in water.

용도

Gas as shield in gas metal-arc welding, in metal processing; carrier in gas-liquid and gas-solid chromatography; gas filler for incandescent light bulbs. Gas in fluorescent tubes analogous to neon lights, but produces a blue-purplish light; in rectifier tubes; in thermometers above mercury; in lasers; wherever an inert atmosphere is desired and the much cheaper nitrogen cannot be used; in ionization chambers and particle counters; in mixtures with He and Ne in Geiger counters; in argon-oxygen-decarburizing process for stainless steel; in manufacture of semiconducting devices; in gas mixtures as the working fluid in plasma arc devices. Liquid as cryogen to produce low temperetures. The isotope 40Ar is always found in minerals contg potassium, since it is a product of 40K decay; measuring the amount of 40Ar and 40K can be used for determining the geologic age of minerals and meteors.

정의

An inert colorless odorless monatomic element of the rare-gas group. It forms 0.93% by volume of air. Argon is used to provide an inert atmosphere in electric and fluorescent lights, in welding, and in extracting titanium and silicon. The element forms no known compounds.
Symbol: Ar; m.p. –189.37°C; b.p. –185.86°C; d. 1.784 kg m^-3 (0°C); p.n. 18; r.a.m. 39.95.

일반 설명

A colorless odorless noncombustible gas. Heavier than air and can asphyxiate by displacement of air. Exposure of the container to prolonged heat or fire can cause Argon to rupture violently and rocket . If liquefied, contact of the very cold liquid with water may cause violent boiling. If the water is hot, there is the possibility that a liquid "superheat" explosion may occur. Contacts with water in a closed container may cause dangerous pressure to build.

반응 프로필

These substances undergo no chemical reactions under any known circumstances. They are nonflammable, noncombustible and nontoxic. They can asphyxiate.

위험도

Argon is nontoxic, but as an asphyxiant gas, it can smother by replacing oxygen in thelungs.

건강위험

Vapors may cause dizziness or asphyxiation without warning. Vapors from liquefied gas are initially heavier than air and spread along ground.

화재위험

Non-flammable gases. Containers may explode when heated. Ruptured cylinders may rocket.

Materials Uses

Gaseous argon is noncorrosive and inert, and consequently may be contained in systems constructed of any common metals and designed to safely withstand the pressures involved. At the temperature of liquid argon, ordinary carbon steels and most alloy steels lose their ductility and are considered unsafe for liquid argon service. Satisfactory materials for use with liquid argon include austenitic stainless steel (for example, types 304 and 316), copper, Monel, brass, aluminum, and other nickel-chromium alloys.

Safety Profile

A simple asphyxlant gas. As an inert gas, it has no specific inherent dangerous properties. Gases of this type have no specific toxicity effect, but they act by excluding O2 from the lungs. The effect of simple asphyxiant gases is proportional to the extent to whch they dirmnish the amount (partial pressure) of O2 in the air that is breathed. The oxygen may be diminished to 75% of its normal percentage in air before appreciable symptoms develop, and t h s in turn requires the presence of a simple asphyxiant in a concentration of 33% in the mixture of air and gas. When the simple asphyxiant reaches a concentration of 50%, marked symptoms can be produced. A concentration of 75% is fatal in a matter of minutes. The first symptoms produced by simple asphyxiant gases such as argon are rapid respirations and air hunger. Mental alertness is diminished and muscular coordination is impaired. Later, judgment becomes faulty and all sensations are depressed. Emotional instability often results and fatigue occurs rapidly. As the asphyxia progresses, there may be nausea and vomiting, prostration, and loss of consciousness, and finally, convulsions, deep coma, and death.

잠재적 노출

Argon is used in metal fabrication and steel making; as an inert gas shield in arc welding; as an inert atmosphere in electric lamps; as a blanketing agent in metals refining (especially titanium and zirconium).

저장

Gaseous argon is commonly stored in high pressure cylinders, tubes, or tube trailers. Liquid argon is commonly stored at the consumer site in cryogenic liquid containers and specially designed vacuum-insulated cryogenic storage tanks.
All of the precautions necessary for the handling of any nonflammable gas or cryogenic liquid must be taken.
Liquid and gaseous systems should be designed and installed only under the direction of personnel thoroughly familiar with liquid and gaseous argon equipment and in compliance with state, provincial, and local requirements.

운송 방법

UN1006 Argon, compressed, Hazard Class: 2.2; Labels: 2.2-Nonflammable compressed gas. Cylinders must be transported in a secure upright position, in a wellventilated truck. Protect cylinder and labels from physical damage. The owner of the compressed gas cylinder is the only entity allowed by federal law (49CFR) to transport and refill them. It is a violation of transportation regulations to refill compressed gas cylinders without the express written permission of the owner.

Purification Methods

Argon is rendered oxygen-free by passage over reduced copper at 450o, or by bubbling through alkaline pyrogallol and H2SO4, then dried with CaSO4, Mg(ClO4)2, or Linde 5A molecular sieves. Other purification steps include passage through Ascarite (CARE: asbestos impregnated with sodium hydroxide), through finely divided uranium at about 800o and through a -78o cold trap. Alternatively the gas is passed over CuO pellets at 300o to remove hydrogen and hydrocarbons, over Ca chips at 600o to remove oxygen and, finally, over titanium chips at 700o to remove nitrogen. It has also been purified by freeze-pump-thaw cycles and by passage over sputtered sodium [Arnold & Smith J Chem Soc, Faraday Trans 2 77 861 1981]. Arsenic acid (arsenic pentoxide hydrate, arsenic V oxide hydrate, orthoarsenic acid) [12044-50-7] M 229.8 + xH2O, pK 1 2.26, pK 2 6.76, pK 3 11.29 (H3AsO4). The acid crystallises from concentrated solutions of boiling conc HNO3 as rhombic crystals. Dry it in a vacuum to give the hemihydrate (hygroscopic). Heating above 300o yields As2O5. [Thaler Z Anorg Allgem Chem 246 19 1941, Schenk in Handbook of Preparative Inorganic Chemistry (Ed. Brauer) Academic Press Vol I p 601 1963.]

폐기물 처리

Vent to atmosphere. Return refillable compressed gas cylinders to supplier.

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아르곤 공급 업체

공급자	전화	이메일	국가	제품 수	이점
Henan Tianfu Chemical Co.,Ltd.	+86-0371-55170693 +86-19937530512	info@tianfuchem.com	China	21691	55
Hubei Jusheng Technology Co.,Ltd.	18871490254	linda@hubeijusheng.com	CHINA	28180	58
Hubei xin bonus chemical co. LTD	86-13657291602	linda@hubeijusheng.com	CHINA	22968	58
Shaanxi Dideu Medichem Co. Ltd	+86-029-89586680 +86-18192503167	1026@dideu.com	China	9231	58
Hebei Duling International Trade Co. LTD	+8618032673083	sales05@hbduling.cn	China	15744	58
Mainchem Co., Ltd.	+86-0592-6210733	sale@mainchem.com	China	32360	55
Chemwill Asia Co.,Ltd.	86-21-51086038	chemwill_asia@126.com	CHINA	23931	58
PERIC Special Gases Co., Ltd.	0310-7182720-613 15620672519	zhaoqingwei@pericsg.com	China	40	58
Guangzhou Yuejia Gas Co., Ltd	400-6377517 19876107228	linfeng@yigas.cn	China	39	58
Isotope (Xiamen) Industry and Trade Co., Ltd	0510-051082803581 15903302207	zhongxin326@sohu.com	China	229	58

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