리신. C화학적 특성, 용도, 생산
개요
Ricin is a heterodimeric ribosomeinhibiting
protein consisting of an A-chain (RTA), linked by
a disulphide bond to the B-chain (RTB). The total molecular
weight is 66 000 Da, with the A-chain contributing 32 kDa,
and the B-chain 34 kDa. The A-chain is a globular protein
composed of 267 amino acids containing eight alpha
helices and eight beta sheets, with the toxin’s substrate
binding site located within the cleft. The B-chain is the
binding lectin composed of 262 amino acids, shaped like
a barbell, and has a binding site specific for membrane
sugars at each end (galactose and N-acetyl galactosamine).
화학적 성질
Various tests for the detection of Ricin are avail-
able, including “Pro-Strips” from Avant Technologies, the
BIO-911? test strip developed by Osborn Scientific
Group, Lakeside AZ. This one-step test is reported to
detect, within minutes, the presence of minute quantities of
the toxin (less than 50 nanograms); the freeze-dried assay
kit to detect crude Ricin called Ruggedized Advanced
Pathogen Identification Device (Rapid)?, Rapid LT, and
Razor instrument developed by Idaho Technologies, Inc.
Ricin is detectable in urine, plasma, and environmental
samples. Instant Chek Abrin/Ricin Detection Kit, Catalog
Number: IC-RA-003-10 Kit Contents: 10 test units each
test contains two tests (one Abrin and one Ricin) per unit,
lyophilized reagent, reconstitution buffer, wash buffer,
transfer pipettes, instruction booklet. Ey Laboratories, Inc,
107 N. Amphlett Blvd, San Mateo, CA. 94401 USA, Toll
Free (North America)1-800-821-0044; Telephone: 1-650-
342-3296, Option 2 or 3 Fax. 11 (650) 342 2648. Also, in
2009, researchers at Yeshiva University’s Albert Einstein
College of Medicine have developed an accurate test.
Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) can detect castor bean
DNA in most Ricin preparations. See also “Water
Detection,” below.
용도
Ricin is a toxin found in the seeds of the castor oil plant,
Ricinnus communis. The plant is cultivated commercially for
its oil, but is also widespread as a weed and used as an
ornamental plant. Approximately 3–5% of the waste from
castor oil production is ricin. The major uses of ricin are as a
chemical warfare agent, as a tool in studies of cell
surface properties, and experimentally in cancer research.
Ricin-A conjugate has been used experimentally in AIDS
research. Low concentrations of the powders (0.3%)
are marketed as a mole killer.
Its preferred use seems to be as an assassin’s weapon and
there are documented cases of umbrellas being used as a
means of injecting ricin into human targets. It has also
been found at postal facilities and mailings to a US Senator’s
office.
Carcinogenicity
No carcinogenic effects of ricin
have been reported. The National Library of Medicine’s
on-line database HSDB (Hazardous Substances Data
Bank) (http://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov) contains a number of references
showing the potential for ricin to be used as an
anticancer drug. Ricin has strong cytostatic effect against
transplanted malignancies in mice.
운송 방법
UN3172 Toxins, extracted from living sources,
liquid, n.o.s., Hazard Class: 6.1; Labels: 6.1-Poisonous
materials, Technical Name Required. UN3462 Toxins,
extracted from living sources, solid, n.o.s., Hazard Class:
6.1; Labels: 6.1-Poisonous materials, Technical Name
Required.
비 호환성
Product is considered stable at ambient
temperature. Ricin and other protein toxins can be destroyed
by exposure to 0.1% sodium hypochlorite solution (household
bleach) for 10 minutes. The toxic portion of Ricin is heat
stable at ambient temperatures and begins to decompose at
60℃/140 ℃. At 80℃/176 ℃ most of the toxicity is lost in
about 30 minutes. When heated to decomposition, Ricin emits
toxic nitrogen oxides. Avoid contact with strong oxidizers.
폐기물 처리
Do not clean-up or dispose of
Ricin, except under supervision of a specialist.
리신. 준비 용품 및 원자재
원자재
준비 용품
