ChemicalBook > Product Catalog >API >Nervous system drugs >Cholinergic drugs >Acetylcholine

Acetylcholine

Acetylcholine Suppliers list
Company Name: career henan chemical co
Tel: +86-0371-86658258 15093356674;
Email: factory@coreychem.com
Products Intro: Product Name:(2-acetoxyethyl)trimethylammonium
CAS:51-84-3
Purity:98% HPLC Package:1KG;1USD
Company Name: WUHAN CIRCLE POWDER TECHNOLOGY CO.,LTD
Tel: +8615377521700
Email: wangwendy93@gmail.com
Products Intro: Product Name:Acetylcholine
CAS:51-84-3
Purity:98%+ Package:1KG;0USD
Company Name: WUHAN CIRCLE POWDER TECHNOLOGY CO.,LTD
Tel: 027-81302090 15327141851
Email: 2851686515@qq.com
Products Intro: Product Name:Acetylcholine
CAS:51-84-3
Purity:99% Package:1KG;USD
Company Name: ANHUI WITOP BIOTECH CO., LTD
Tel: +8615255079626
Email: eric@witopchemical.com
Products Intro: Product Name:acetylcholine
CAS:51-84-3
Company Name: Dideu Industries Group Limited
Tel: +86-29-89586680 +86-15129568250
Email: 1026@dideu.com
Products Intro: Product Name:(2-acetoxyethyl)trimethylammonium
CAS:51-84-3
Purity:99.9% Package:1g;1.1USD Remarks:FDA GMP CEP Approved Manufacturer

Acetylcholine manufacturers

  • Acetylcholine
  • Acetylcholine pictures
  • $0.00 / 1KG
  • 2024-03-16
  • CAS:51-84-3
  • Min. Order: 100g
  • Purity: 98%+
  • Supply Ability: 100kg
  • Acetylcholine
  • Acetylcholine pictures
  • $0.00 / 1KG
  • 2021-12-23
  • CAS:51-84-3
  • Min. Order: 100g
  • Purity: 99%
  • Supply Ability: 500kg

Related articles

  • What is Acetylcholine?
  • Acetylcholine is the endogenous neurotransmitter at cholinergic synapses and neuromuscular junctions in the central and periph....
  • Oct 19,2021
Acetylcholine Basic information
Product Name:Acetylcholine
Synonyms:2-acetyloxyethyl-trimethyl-ammonium;Acetylcholine;Ethanaminium,2-(acetyloxy)-N,N,N-trimethyl-;(2-acetoxyethyl)trimethylammonium USP/EP/BP;AcetylcholineQ: What is Acetylcholine Q: What is the CAS Number of Acetylcholine;ACETYLECHOLINE;(2-acetoxyethyl)trimethylammonium;O-Acetylcholine
CAS:51-84-3
MF:C7H16NO2+
MW:146.21
EINECS:200-128-9
Product Categories:
Mol File:51-84-3.mol
Acetylcholine Structure
Acetylcholine Chemical Properties
Boiling point 265.84°C (rough estimate)
density 1.0528 (rough estimate)
refractive index 1.4500 (estimate)
CAS DataBase Reference51-84-3
EPA Substance Registry SystemAcetylcholine (51-84-3)
Safety Information
RIDADR 1760
HazardClass 8
PackingGroup II
ToxicityThe choline ester of acetic acid. ACh is released in vertebrates as the neurotransmitter for cholinergic neurons in the CNS, as well as at several peripheral locations: somatic neurons innervating skeletal muscle (neuromuscular junctions); preganglionic neurons in both divisions of the autonomic nervous system; parasympathetic postganglionic neurons; and a few sympathetic postganglionic neurons. ACh is synthesized from choline and acetyl CoA by the mitochondrial enzyme choline acetyltransferase. Cholinergic receptors (cholinoceptors), that mediate the effects of ACh, are generally classified as nicotinic or muscarinic, based on their binding preferences for nicotine and muscarine, respectively. ACh is hydrolyzed to choline and acetate by acetylcholinesterase, that is an important target for a variety of toxic and therapeutic anticholinesterases, such as the nerve agents, carbamate, and organophosphorus insecticides.
MSDS Information
Acetylcholine Usage And Synthesis
DescriptionAcetylcholine is stored in vesicles in the presynaptic neuron. These fuse with presynaptic membrane upon stimulation by a nerve signal, thus, generating a pulse of neurotransmitter, which diffuses across the membrane. Acetylcholine may either bind reversibly to one of two different types of acetylcholine receptors on the postsynaptic membrane or be destroyed by the acetylcholine-hydrolyzing enzyme, acetylcholinesterase.
DescriptionAcetylcholine is a choline molecule that has been acetylated at the oxygen atom. Because of the presence of a highly polar, charged ammonium group, acetylcholine does not penetrate lipid membranes. Because of this, when the drug is introduced externally, it remains in the extracellular space and does not pass through the blood–brain barrier.
Usesneurotransmitter (ester of choline and acetic acid)
UsesAcetylcholine does not have therapeutic value as a drug for intravenous administration because of its multi-faceted action and rapid inactivation by cholinesterase. Likewise, it is possible for a collaptoid state to develop, and arterial pressure can rapidly fall and the heart can stop. However, it is used in the form of eye drops to cause miosis during cataract surgery, which makes it advantageous because it facilitates quick post-operational recovery.
UsesAcetylcholine is an endogenous neurotransmitter. It was the first neurotransmitter to be discovered. There are commercially available drugs that either block or mimic actions of acetylcholine. Commercial drugs used as cholinergic agonists mimic the action of acetylcholine (e.g. bethanechol, carbachol, and pilocarpine). Cholinesterase inhibitors cause accumulation of acetylcholine and stimulation of the central nervous system, glands, and muscles. Some nerve agents such as the gas Sarin and organophosphate pesticides are examples. Clinically, acetylcholinesterase inhibitors are employed to treat myasthenia gravis and Alzheimer’s disease. Acetylcholine receptor antagonists are antimuscarinic agents (atropine, scopolamine), ganglionic blockers (hexamethonium, mecamylamine), and neuromuscular blockers (tubocurarine, pancuronium, succinylcholine).
DefinitionChEBI: Acetylcholine is actylcholine is an ester of acetic acid and choline, which acts as a neurotransmitter. It has a role as a vasodilator agent, a muscarinic agonist, a hormone, a human metabolite, a mouse metabolite and a neurotransmitter. It is an acetate ester and an acylcholine.
Brand nameMiochol (Novartis).
Biological FunctionsThe discovery that ACh was a transmitter in the peripheral nervous system formed the basis for the theory of neurotransmission. ACh is also a neurotransmitter in the mammalian brain; however, only a few cholinergic tracts have been clearly delineated.ACh is an excitatory neurotransmitter in the mammalian CNS.There is good evidence that ACh (among other neurotransmitters) is decreased in certain cognitive disorders, such as Alzheimer’s disease.
Biological ActivityAcetylcholine is a neurotransmitter found in the nervous systems of all animals. It is involved in the control of functions as diverse as locomotion, digestion, cardiac rate, “fight and flight” responses, secretion, learning and memory. Cholinergic dysfunction is associated with neuromuscular diseases such as myasthenia gravis and neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer disease.
Studies of acetylcholine and cholinergic neurotransmission have played a key role in the development of nearly all aspects of our current understanding of chemical synaptic transmission. In the early part of the twentieth century, pioneering physiological and neurochemical experiments resulted in establishing the principle that release of neuroactive compounds, such as acetylcholine, on to effector cells or other neurons forms the basis of most types of intercellular communication. In these early studies, application of acetylcholine could mimic the effects of nerve stimulation on muscle contraction, the rate of heart beating, etc., and the compound was thus identified as the first neurotransmitter substance. It was also noted that not all nerves released acetylcholine when stimulated, thus indicating specificity for the type of neurotransmitter substances present in particular neurons. Pharmacological work identified compounds, extracted primarily from plants, which differentially blocked the action of acetylcholine on particular types of effector cells, leading to the concept of receptor specificity. The quantal nature of neurotransmitter release was also first appreciated at cholinergic neuromuscular junctions. Finally, the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor was the first ligand-gated ion channel to have its amino acid sequence established.
Acetylcholine is a simple ester of the quaternary amino alcohol choline and acetic acid. Acetylcholine is positively charged at physiological pH, is freely soluble in water (usually supplied as a bromide or chloride salt) and is subject to rapid hydrolysis in solution by heat or alkali. Nuclear magnetic resonance studies indicate considerable flexibility of the molecule in solution, and different conformations are thought to bind to different types of acetylcholine receptor.
Mechanism of actionAcetylcholine functions primarily as a chemical neurotransmitter in the nervous systems of all animals. When a cholinergic neuron is excited, it releases transmitter into the synaptic cleft where it can bind to a number of different receptor proteins. The receptors for acetylcholine can be classified into two general categories based primarily on the actions of different plant alkaloids that affect their function: nicotinic (nicotine binding) or muscarinic (muscarine binding). Several different subtypes for each of these general receptor classes have been characterized. The receptor binding event can be transduced into opening of cationic or anionic ion channels or coupled to some other metabolic signal such as phospholipid turnover rates or activation of second-messenger systems. Both inhibitory or, more commonly, excitatory responses are induced in the neurons or effector cells which receive the neurotransmitter signal, making acetylcholine-mediated neurotransmission particularly versatile.
In addition to the ubiquitous presence of acetylcholine in the nervous systems of all animals, it is also found in a limited number of plants, bacteria, fungi and protozoa. This widespread distribution in a variety of species most likely indicates the appearance of acetylcholine-metabolizing proteins fairly early in evolutionary history. In vertebrates, acetylcholine is also found in non-neuronal tissues such as primate placenta and sperm where its functional role, if any, remains unknown.
Clinical UseThe cholinergic system was the first neurotransmitter system shown to have a role in wakefulness and initiation of REM sleep. Because of the poor penetration of the cholinergic drugs into the CNS, the role of this system in sleep has relied on animal studies using microinjection into the brain, primarily in the area of the dorsal pontine tegmentum. Acetylcholine, cholinergic agonists (e.g., arecoline or bethanechol), and cholinesterase inhibitors are effective in the initiation of REM sleep from NREM sleep after microinjection. Conversely, administration of anticholinergic drugs (e.g., atropine or scopolamine) hinders the transition to REM sleep. Increase in the rate of discharge of these cholinergic cells (that activate the thalamus, cerebral cortex, and hippocampus) during REM sleep parallel the same pattern seen with arousal and alertness.
SynthesisAcetylcholine, 2-acetoxy-N,N,N-trimethylethyl ammonium chloride (13.1.2), is easily synthesized in a number of different ways. For example, 2-chloroethanol is reacted with trimethylamine, and the resulting N,N,N-trimethylethyl-2-ethanolamine hydrochloride (13.1.1), also called choline, is acetylated by acetic acid anhydride or acetylchloride, giving acetylcholine (13.1.2). A second method consists of reacting trimethylamine with ethylene oxide, giving N,N,N-trimethylethyl-2-ethanolamine hydroxide (13.1.3), which upon reaction with hydrogen chloride changes into the hydrochloride (13.1.1), which is further acetylated in the manner described above. Finally, acetylcholine is also formed by reacting 2-chloroethanol acetate with trimethylamine [1¨C7].

Synthesis_51-84-3

Environmental FateCholinergic agents can increase the acetylcholine level at the synaptic junction and cause rapid firing of the postsynaptic membrane. Antiacetylcholinesterase agents block the acetylcholinesterase enzyme and thus increase the acetylcholine level in the synapse causing rapid firing of the postsynaptic membrane.
MetabolismAcetylcholine in the synapse can bind with cholinergic receptors on the postsynaptic or presynaptic membranes to produce a response. Free acetylcholine that is not bound to a receptor is hydrolyzed by AChE. This hydrolysis is the physiologic mechanism for terminating the action of acetylcholine. Enough AChE is present in the synapse to hydrolyze approximately 3 × 108 molecules of acetylcholine in 1 millisecond; thus, adequate enzyme activity exists to hydrolyze all the acetylcholine (~3 × 106 molecules) released by one action potential. A number of useful therapeutic cholinomimetic agents have been developed based on the ability of the compounds to inhibit AChE; these agents are addressed later in this chapter.
Acetylcholine Preparation Products And Raw materials
Tag:Acetylcholine(51-84-3) Related Product Information
Acesulfame Angiotensin Histamine Butyrylcholinesterase Mosapride Neostigmine bromide Acetylspiramycin tablets Bis(acetylacetonato)cobalt Omeprazole Bethanechol Paroxetine Norepinephrine Succinylcholine Chloride MORPHINE Atropine VANADIUM(III) ACETYLACETONATE Vanadyl acetylacetonate Nickel(II) acetylacetonate