| Product Identification | Back to Contents | 【Product Name】
Sulfur | 【Synonyms】
Brimstone
Flowers of sulfur | 【CAS】
7704-34-9 | 【Formula】
S | 【Molecular Weight】
32.06 | 【EINECS】
231-722-6 | 【RTECS】
WS4250000 | 【RTECS Class】
Agricultural Chemical and Pesticide; Primary Irritant | 【Merck】
12,9142 | 【Beilstein/Gmelin】
16299 (G) |
| Physical and Chemical Properties | Back to Contents | 【Appearance】
Molten solid. Yellow to reddish brown liquid at a temperature of about 140C with a characteristic rotten egg odor. Appearance | 【Appearance】
Yellow powder. Exists in several forms such as S2, S8 and polymeric. | 【Solubility in water】
Insoluble | 【Melting Point】
113 - 119 | 【Boiling Point】
444.6 | 【Boiling Point】
445 | 【Vapor Pressure】
0.075 (20 C) | 【Density】
2.36 g/cm3 | 【Heat Of Vaporization】
8.9 kJ/mol | 【Heat Of Combustion】
-353 kJ/mol | 【Heat Of Combustion】
-363 kJ/mol | 【Usage】
In manufacturing sulfuric acid, carbon disulfide, sulfites, nsecticides, plastics, enamels, metal-glass cements, in vulcanizing rubber, in syntheses of dyes, in making gunpowder, matches, for bleaching wood pulp, straw, wool, silk, felt, linen. | 【Vapor Density】
3.64 | 【Refractive Index】
2.068 |
| First Aid Measures | Back to Contents | 【Ingestion】
DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. If victim is alert and not convulsing, rinse mouth and give 1 2 to 1 glass of water to dilute material. If spontaneous vomiting occurs, have victim lean forward with head down to avoid breathing in of vomitus, rinse mouth and administer more water. IMMEDIATELY contact local poison control centre. Vomiting may need to be induced but should be directed by a physician or a poison control center. IMMEDIATELY transport victim to an emergency facility. | 【Ingestion】
Ingestion or direct contact with molten sulfur will cause severe thermal burns. | 【Inhalation】
Remove from exposure to fresh air immediately. If not breathing, give artificial respiration. If breathing is difficult, give oxygen. Get medical aid if cough or other symptoms appear. | 【Inhalation】
Vapors are irritating to the nose, throat and respiratory tract, and may cause chronic bronchitis with chronic exposure. Hydrogen sulfide may not be sensed by smell at concentrations of 150 ppm or greater. Hydrogen sulfide is life threatening above 200 ppm. Inhalation at 200 - 250 ppm produces headache, dizziness, excitement, staggering and vomiting. Prolonged exposure to hydrogen sulfide in this concentration range may cause lung damage and exposure for 4 to 8 hours can cause death. Concentrations of 300-500 ppm (of hydrogen sulfide) cause these same effects sooner and more severely. Death can occur in 1 to 4 hours. At 500 ppm respiratory failure can occur in 5 minutes to 1 hour. Exposures above 500 ppm rapidly cause unconsciousness and death. | 【Skin】
May cause irritation with discomfort, and seen as local redness and possible swelling. Prolonged contact, as with clothing wetted with material, may cause more severe irritation and discomfort. Skin contact with hot or molten product can cause skin burns. | 【Skin】
Flush skin with plenty of soap and water for at least 15 minutes while removing contaminated clothing and shoes. Get medical aid if irritation develops or persists. Wash clothing before reuse. | 【Eyes】
May cause irritation, experienced as mild discomfort and seen as slight excess redness of the eye. Eye contact with hot or molten product can cause eye burns. | 【Eyes】
Immediately flush eyes with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes, occasionally lifting the upper and lower eyelids. Get medical aid. |
| Handling and Storage | Back to Contents | 【Storage】
Keep away from heat, sparks, and flame. Keep away from sources of ignition. Store in a tightly closed container. Store in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area away from incompatible substances. | 【Handling】
Liquid sulfur should not be put into any tank, rail car or truck that contains trace quantities of hydrocarbons, or more than a trace of moisture. When unloading tank cars or trucks, workers should wear suitable protective equipment and stand to one side, upwind of the path of the escaping gas. The dome cover bolts should be loosened slowly to vent the gas pressure. Care should be taken against possible dangerous concentrations of hydrogen sulfide in the vicinity of the tank during steaming and during tank ventilating after loading. | 【Handling】
Wash thoroughly after handling. Remove contaminated clothing and wash before reuse. Minimize dust generation and accumulation. May form flammable dust-air mixtures. Avoid contact with eyes, skin, and clothing. Empty containers retain product residue, (liquid and/or vapor), and can be dangerous. Keep container tightly closed. Avoid contact with heat, sparks and flame. Use with adequate ventilation. Do not pressurize, cut, weld, braze, solder, drill, grind, or expose empty containers to heat, sparks or open flames. |
| Hazards Identification | Back to Contents | 【Inhalation】
Vapors are irritating to the nose, throat and respiratory tract, and may cause chronic bronchitis with chronic exposure. Hydrogen sulfide may not be sensed by smell at concentrations of 150 ppm or greater. Hydrogen sulfide is life threatening above 200 ppm. Inhalation at 200 - 250 ppm produces headache, dizziness, excitement, staggering and vomiting. Prolonged exposure to hydrogen sulfide in this concentration range may cause lung damage and exposure for 4 to 8 hours can cause death. Concentrations of 300-500 ppm (of hydrogen sulfide) cause these same effects sooner and more severely. Death can occur in 1 to 4 hours. At 500 ppm respiratory failure can occur in 5 minutes to 1 hour. Exposures above 500 ppm rapidly cause unconsciousness and death. | 【Skin】
May cause irritation with discomfort, and seen as local redness and possible swelling. Prolonged contact, as with clothing wetted with material, may cause more severe irritation and discomfort. Skin contact with hot or molten product can cause skin burns. | 【Eyes】
May cause irritation, experienced as mild discomfort and seen as slight excess redness of the eye. Eye contact with hot or molten product can cause eye burns. | 【Ingestion】
May cause gastrointestinal irritation with nausea, vomiting and diarrhea. | 【Hazards】
May be ignited by friction, heat, sparks or flames. Some may burn rapidly with flare burning effect. Powders, dusts, shavings, borings, turnings or cuttings may explode or burn with explosive violence. Substance may be transported in a molten form. May re-ignite after fire is extinguished. | 【EC Risk Phrase】
R 11 36 | 【EC Safety Phrase】
S 16 26 36 | 【UN (DOT)】
1350 | 【UN (DOT)】
2448 |
| Exposure Controls/Personal Protection | Back to Contents | 【Personal Protection】
Eyes: Wear appropriate protective eyeglasses or chemical safety goggles as described by OSHA's eye and face protection regulations in 29 CFR 1910.133 or European Standard EN166. Skin: Wear appropriate protective gloves to prevent skin exposure. Clothing: Wear appropriate protective clothing to prevent skin exposure. | 【Respirators】
When Hydrogen Sulfide (H2S) concentrations are unknown or are equal to or greater than 10 ppm, (as in such activities as: loading; unloading; guaging; cleaning large spills or upon entry into tanks, vessels, or other confined spaces; and during rescue of individuals suspected to be overexposed to H2S), use supplied-air (airline or self-contained breathing apparatus) respiratory protection (NIOSH/MSHA Approved). The respirators must be equipped with pressure-demand regulators and operated in the pressure demand mode ONLY. If airline units are used, a 5-minute egress bottle MUST also be carried. GAS MASKS OR OTHER AIR-PURIFYING RESPIRATORS MUST NEVER BE USED FOR H2S DUE TO POOR WARNING PROPERTIES OF THE GAS. | 【Exposure Effects】
Chronic inhalation may cause effects similar to those of acute inhalation. Effects may be delayed. | 【Exposure Effects】
Repeated inhalation may cause lung damage. | 【Exposure limit(s)】
ACGIH TLV: 10 mg/m3; OSHA PEL 15 mg/m3 | 【Poison Class】
5 |
| Fire Fighting Measures | Back to Contents | 【Flash Point】
160 | 【Flash Point】
207 | 【Autoignition】
232 | 【Autoignition】
235 | 【Fire Fighting】
Wear full protective clothing and positive pressure breathing apparatus. Use fine spray or fog to control fire by preventing its spread and absorbing some of its heat. Use water spray to cool fire-exposed surfaces, protect personnel, and knock down toxic fumes. Water or foam may cause frothing of molten sulfur. Extinguish fire using agent suitable for surrounding fire. (Fire in liquid sulfur can be extinguished readily by closing container to exclude oxygen). | 【Upper exp. limit】
44 | 【Upper exp. limit】
46 | 【Lower exp. limit】
3.3 | 【Lower exp. limit】
4 | 【Fire Potential】
Flammable/combustible material. |
| Accidental Release Measures | Back to Contents | 【Small spills/leaks】
Stop discharge and contain if safe to do so. ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames in immediate area). Do not touch or walk through spilled material. Do not allow material to enter water sources or sewers. Shovel solid sulfur into containers with covers (avoid dusting) for recovery or disposal. If removal is not immediate, apply a cover material, preferably inert and basic (limestone), to the spilled area until recovery procedures begin. This will reduce the possible release of sulfuric acid in the water. Collect product and contaminated soil and water for recovery or disposal. Consider initial downwind evacuation for at least 100 meters. | 【Small spills/leaks】
Vacuum or sweep up material and place into a suitable disposal container. Clean up spills immediately, using the appropriate protective equipment. Scoop up with a nonsparking tool, then place into a suitable container for disposal. Avoid generating dusty conditions. Remove all sources of ignition. Provide ventilation. |
| Stability and Reactivity | Back to Contents | 【Incompatibilities】
Alkalis and oxidizing agents such as chlorine and fluorine. May react explosively with ammonia, ammonium nitrate, chlorine dioxide (bromates, chlorates, and iodates of barium, calcium, magnesium, potassium, sodium or zinc), chlorate in presence of copper), chromic anhydride, silver bromate, lead dioxide, mercuric nitrate, all inorganic perchlorates, phosphorus trioxide, sodium nitrate, and zinc. | 【Stability】
Stable at room temperature in closed containers under normal storage and handling conditions. | 【Decomposition】
Sulfur oxides (SOx), including sulfur oxide and sulfur dioxide. | 【Combustion Products】
Produces toxic sulfur dioxide gas. |
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