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Protein arginine deiminases (PADs) catalyze the posttranslational modification of arginine residues on proteins to form citrulline, which plays a large role in regulating gene expression. Abnormally high PAD activity has been observed in a host of human diseases. Citrulline-specific probe-rhodamine is a highly sensitive, rhodamine phenylglyoxal-based fluorophore that specifically detects protein citrullination via a chemoselective reaction between glyoxal and citrulline. This chemical probe (comprised of a single isomer) is capable of reacting with any citrulline-containing protein and can be analyzed with fluorescent imaging (excitation 532 nm; emission 580 nm). When added at 100 μM for 30 minutes at acidic pH, this probe has a reported limit of detection of ~10 ng for citrullinated histone H3 and ~1 ng for autodeiminated PAD4. | [Uses]
Rhodamine Phenylglyoxal Hydrate is a citrulline-specific chemical probe which can be used to detect protein citrullination through a chemoselective reaction between glyoxal and citrulline. | [References]
[1] KEVIN L. BICKER. Seeing Citrulline: Development of a Phenylglyoxal-Based Probe To Visualize Protein Citrullination[J]. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 2012, 134 41: 17015-17018. DOI: 10.1021/ja308871v
[2] M. TRELA. Citrullination facilitates cross-reactivity of rheumatoid factor with non-IgG1 Fc epitopes in rheumatoid arthritis[J]. Scientific Reports, 2019. DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-48176-3 |
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