| Identification | Back Directory | [Name]
diquat dichloride | [CAS]
4032-26-2 | [Synonyms]
Diquat Chloride
diquat dichloride
Diquat hydrochloride | [EINECS(EC#)]
223-714-6 | [Molecular Formula]
C12H12N2.2Cl | [MDL Number]
MFCD01729845 | [MOL File]
4032-26-2.mol | [Molecular Weight]
255.147 |
| Hazard Information | Back Directory | [Chemical Properties]
Paraquat is a yellow solid with a faint,
ammonia-like odor. | [Potential Exposure]
Those engaged in manufacture,
formulation and application of this herbicide. Classified
for restricted use: limited to use by a certified applicator, or
those under applicator’s direct supervision. | [First aid]
If this chemical gets into the eyes, remove any
contact lenses at once and irrigate immediately for at least
15 minutes, occasionally lifting upper and lower lids. Seek
medical attention immediately. If this chemical contacts the
skin, remove contaminated clothing and wash immediately
with soap and water. Seek medical attention immediately.
If this chemical has been inhaled, remove from exposure,
begin rescue breathing (using universal precautions, including
resuscitation mask) if breathing has stopped and CPR if
heart action has stopped. Transfer promptly to a medical
facility. When this chemical has been swallowed, get medical
attention. Give large quantities of water, or bentonite
clay in water, or activated charcoal in water; and induce
vomiting. Do not make an unconscious person vomit.
Medical observation is recommended for 2448 hours after
breathing overexposure, as pulmonary edema may be
delayed. As first aid for pulmonary edema, a doctor or
authorized paramedic may consider administering a drug or
other inhalation therapy. Obtain authorization and/or further
instructions from the local hospital for performance of
other invasive procedures. Rush to a health care facility. | [Shipping]
UN2781 Bipyridilium pesticide, solid, toxic,
Hazard Class: 6.1; Labels: 6.1-Poisonous materials. | [Incompatibilities]
Incompatible with oxidizers (chlorates,
nitrates, peroxides, permanganates, perchlorates, chlorine,
bromine, fluorine, etc.); contact may cause fires or explosions.
Keep away from alkaline materials, strong bases,
strong acids, oxoacids, epoxides (hydrolysis), alkylarylsulfonate
wetting agents. Corrosive to metals. Decomposes
in presence of ultraviolet (UV) light. Decomposes in heat
(see physical properties, above) and in the presence of UV
light, producing nitrogen oxides, hydrogen chloride. | [Description]
Diquat dibromide is a contact desiccant and herbicide. It is highly soluble in water, has a low risk of leaching to groundwater and is volatile. It is very persistent in soil but rapidly degrades in aquatic systems. It is moderately toxic to mammals and is a known irritant but no other significant human health issues have been identified. It is moderately toxic to birds, most aquatic organisms, honeybees and earthworms. | [Waste Disposal]
Paraquat is rapidly inactivated
in soil. It is also inactivated by anionic surfactants.
Therefore an effective and environmentally safe disposal
method would be to mix the product with ordinary household
detergent and bury the mixture in clay soil. In
accordance with 40CFR165, follow recommendations for
the disposal of pesticides and pesticide containers. Must be
disposed properly by following package label directions or
by contacting your local or federal environmental control
agency, or by contacting your regional EPA office. Consult
with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on
acceptable disposal practices. Generators of waste containing
this contaminant (≥100 kg/mo) must conform with
EPA regulations governing storage, transportation, treatment,
and waste disposal. | [Production Methods]
Diquat dichloride was manufactured through a well-established quaternisation process built around the bipyridyl core. Producers first formed the parent diquat skeleton by coupling two pyridine derivatives under conditions that generated the 4,4′ bipyridyl framework, followed by purification to remove by-products typical of bipyridyl chemistry. This intermediate was then subjected to controlled alkylation with ethylene dibromide or a comparable dihaloalkane, which simultaneously quaternised both nitrogen atoms and closed the ethylene bridge to form the characteristic diquat dication. A final metathesis or neutralisation step introduced chloride as the counter-ion, yielding diquat dichloride as a stable, crystalline technical material suitable for formulation. | [Mechanism of action]
Non-selective, contact absorbed through foliage, some desiccant action. Photosystem I (electron transport) inhibitor. | [Pesticide Type]
Herbicide |
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