| Identification | Back Directory | [Name]
TOXAPHENE | [CAS]
8001-35-2 | [Synonyms]
3956
PChK
Motox
m5055
alltex
alltox
anatox
attac6
attac8
estonox
toxakil
toxon63
melipax
pcc[qr]
pchk[qr]
phenatox
toxyphen
toxafeen
Agricide
crestoxo
cristoxo
gy-phene
ent9,735
attac6-3
attac4-2
attac4-4
TOXAPHEN
toxadust
TOXAPHANE
Canfeclor
ALLTEX(R)
TOXAPHENE
geniphene
Coopertox
phenacide
latka3956
motox[qr]
m5055[qr]
kamfochlor
nci-c00259
strobane-t
chem-phene
cristoxo90
attac6[qr]
attac8[qr]
camphoclor
alltex[qr]
anatox[qr]
alltox[qr]
TOXAKIL(R)
CAMPHECLOR
TOXAPHENES
PENPHENE(R)
CAMPHECHLOR
PHENETOX(R)
camphochlor
ent9735[qr]
estonox[qr]
toxakil[qr]
toxon63[qr]
melipax[qr]
penphene[qr]
gy-phene[qr]
hercules3956
strobanet-90
phenatox[qr]
toxyphen[qr]
toxaphen[qr]
toxafeen[qr]
toxadust[qr]
compound3956
crestoxo[qr]
attac6-3[qr]
PHENACIDE(R)
GENIPHENE(R)
attac4-4[qr]
attac4-2[qr]
clorchemt-590
fasco-terpene
geniphene[qr]
vertac90%[qr]
phenacide[qr]
strobane-t[qr]
kamfochlor[qr]
nci-c00259[qr]
chlorocamphene
chem-phene[qr]
TOXAPHENE (TM)
camphochlor[qr]
camphechlor[qr]
cristoxo-90[qr]
compound3956[qr]
HERCULES 3956(R)
hercules3956[qr]
toxaphenee-8[qr]
toxaphene8ec[qr]
vertactoxaphene90
synthetic3956[qr]
SYNTHETIC 3956(R)
fasco-terpene[qr]
camphofenehuileux
chlorocamphene[qr]
cotton-toxmp82[qr]
agscotoxaphene[qr]
rigotoxaphene8[qr]
polychlorocamphene
octachlorocamphene
toxaphene90-10[qr]
hercules toxaphene
WEATHEREDTOXAPHENE
PChK (insecticide)
Toxaphene solution
Toxaphene? toxon 63
rcrawastenumberp123
agwaytoxaphene6e[qr]
CHLORINATED CAMPHENE
drroger’stox-ene[qr]
TOXAPHENE, 1GM, NEAT
Toxaphene, technical
CaMphechlor Standard
camphechlor (bsi,iso)
Toxaphene camphechlor
Camphechlor solution
camphofenehuileux[qr]
TOXAPHEN COMPONENT 26
TOXAPHEN COMPONENT 50
Chlorinated Camphenes
chlorinated champhene
Camphene, chlorinated
vertactoxaphene90[qr]
securitytox-sol-6[qr]
polychlorocamphene[qr]
octachlorocamphene[qr]
chlorinatedcamphene60%
chlorinatedcamphene[qr]
CAMPHECHLOR-(TOXAPHENE)
agricidemaggotkiller(f)
royalbrandbeantox82[qr]
Polychorinated camphenes
agricidemaggotkiller[qr]
TOXAPHENE CALIBRATION MIX
Polychlorinated camphenes
redtoptoxaphene8spray[qr]
TOXAPHENETECHNICALMIXTURE
toxaphene (belg.,can.,usa)
polychlorcamphene(ussr)[qr]
POLYCHLOROBICYCLIC TERPENES
agro-chembrandtorbidan28[qr]
growerservicetoxaphene6e[qr]
growerservicetoxaphenemp[qr]
agro-chembrandtoxaphene6e[qr]
securitytox-mpcottonspray[qr]
securitymotox63cottonspray[qr]
TOXAPHEN COMPONENT 62 SOLUTION
felco/lando’lakestoxaphene[qr]
TOXAPHENE, 1X1ML, ISO 200UG/ML
TOXAPHENE, 1X10ML, ISO, 200UG/ML
TOXAPHENE, 1X1ML, MEOH, 2000UG/ML
toxaphene8emulsifiableinsecticide[qr]
CAMPHECHLOR TECHNICAL MIXTURE, PESTANAL,
TOXAPHENE REFERENCE STANDARD FOR EPA MET
herculestoxapheneemulsifiableconcentrate[qr]
CHLORINATED CAMPHENE (TOXAPHENE) (CAMPHECHOR)
PARLAR 32 (2,2,5-ENDO,6-EXO,8,9,10-HEPTACHLOROBORNANE) | [EINECS(EC#)]
232-283-3 | [Molecular Formula]
C10H15Cl | [MDL Number]
MFCD00132872 | [MOL File]
8001-35-2.mol | [Molecular Weight]
170.679 |
| Chemical Properties | Back Directory | [Appearance]
yellow waxy solid | [Melting point ]
65-90℃ | [density ]
1.65 | [vapor pressure ]
15.8 at 25 °C (2,2,5-endo-6-exo-8,9,10-heptachlorobornane, toxaphene component, Hinckley etal., 1990) | [Fp ]
4 °C | [storage temp. ]
2-8°C | [solubility ]
120 g/L in alcohol at 25–30 °C (quoted, Meites, 1963) | [form ]
Yellow waxy solid | [Stability:]
Stable. Incompatible with alkali, strong oxidizers. Heat and light sensitive. | [Water Solubility ]
0.4mg/L(25 ºC) | [Merck ]
13,9633 | [Henry's Law Constant]
0.99 at 10 °C, 3.56 at 20 °C, 6.81 at 30 °C, 8.49 at 35 °C, 14.8 at 40 °C (gas stripping, Jantunen
and Bidleman, 2000) | [Exposure limits]
NIOSH REL: IDLH 200 mg/m3; OSHA PEL: TWA 0.5 mg/m3; ACGIH
TLV: TWA 0.5 mg/m3, STEL 1 mg/m3. | [IARC]
2B (Vol. Sup 7, 79) 2001 | [EPA Substance Registry System]
Toxaphene (8001-35-2) |
| Hazard Information | Back Directory | [Chemical Properties]
yellow waxy solid | [Uses]
Insecticide. Not recommended for use in dairy barns or on milking animals (Penumarthy). | [General Description]
Yellow, waxy solid with a pleasant piney odor. Used as an insecticide, primarily for cotton and early growth stages of vegetables. Also peas, soybeans, peanut, corn, and wheat. Not produced commercially in the U.S. since 1982. Only registered for scabies control on cattle in the U.S. | [Air & Water Reactions]
Insoluble in water. | [Reactivity Profile]
TOXAPHENE is decomposed by sunlight and heat. TOXAPHENE is decomposed in the presence of alkali. TOXAPHENE is corrosive to iron. TOXAPHENE is incompatible with strong oxidizers. TOXAPHENE is non corrosive in the absence of moisture. | [Health Hazard]
Camphechlor is extremely toxic: the probable oral lethal dose (human) is 5-50 mg/kg or between 7 drops and 1 teaspoonful for 70 kg (150 lb.) person. | [Fire Hazard]
Container may explode in heat of fire. Toxic vapors are generated when heated. Releases hydrochloric acid in the presence of alkali, on prolonged exposure to sunlight, and at temperatures above 311F. Avoid strong oxidizers, corrosive to iron. | [Description]
Toxaphene is an organochlorine insecticide that is similar to
other compounds such as endrin, dieldrin, aldrin, dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane
(DDT), lindane, and chlordecone.
Manufacturing of toxaphene was started in the 1940s and
was highly effective on cotton and certain food crops. In
addition to its use as an insecticide, toxaphene was also used
to eliminate certain species of fish in aquatic environments.
Toxaphene itself consists of a mixture of hundreds of
different chemicals with a major identified toxic component
being heptachlorobornane. The use of toxaphene peaked in
1974 after DDT was banned in 1972 with nearly
400 000 metric tons being distributed into the environment
(both land and aquatic uses). This use began to subside, yet
nearly 100 000 metric tons was still used in 1980 shortly
before the complete ban on toxaphene usage. Large quantities
of toxaphene were released into the environment. The
overall chlorine content of toxaphene is nearly 70% by
weight with most of the organic compounds comprising
toxaphene being chlorinated. The molecular weight of the
various components of toxaphene can range from 308 to
551 g mol-1. The mean formula weight is approximately
414 g mol-1. Toxaphene can be found as an yellowish-waxy
substance that is relatively volatile and can be transported in
the atmosphere. If inhaled, especially in larger quantities,
toxaphene has been shown to cause significant damage to
the lungs/respiratory tract, central nervous system, and
kidneys. The use of toxaphene as an insecticide was banned in the early 1980s and completely banned in the United
States in 1990. In addition to its ban in North America,
toxaphene has been also banned in Europe, yet its use in
developing countries still persists. Toxaphene is not readily
soluble in water and tends to deposit in the soil and sediment,
as well as the atmosphere. Microorganisms in the soil
tend to degrade toxaphene very slowly. Toxaphene does not
degrade as slowly as DDT but has been demonstrated to
persist in the environment for extended and significant
periods of time. | [Physical properties]
Yellow, waxy, nonflammable solid with a chlorine or terpene-like odor. Odor threshold
concentration from water is 140 μg/L (quoted, Keith and Walters, 1992). | [Definition]
Following release of technical toxaphene into the environment, the congeners are expected to undergo differential transformation, and degradation via abiotic and biotic processes, resulting in different mixtures of persistent toxaphene congeners, commonly termed weathered. Transformation and degradation processes are expected to include dechlorination and dehydrochlorination. | [Hazard]
Carcinogen. | [Carcinogenicity]
Toxaphene is reasonably anticipated to be a human carcinogen based on sufficient evidence of carcinogenicity from studies in experimental animals. | [Environmental Fate]
Soil. Under reduced soil conditions, about 50% of the C-Cl bonds were cleaved
(dechlorinated) by Fe2+ porphyrins forming two major toxicants having molecular formulas
C10H10Cl8 (Toxicant A) and C10H11Cl7 (Toxicant B). Toxicant A reacted with reduced
hematin yielding two reductive dechlorination products (C10H11Cl7), two dehydrodechlo-
rination products (C10H9Cl7) and two other products (C10H10Cl6). Similarly, products
formed from the reaction of Toxicant B with reduced hematin included two reductive
dechlorination products (C10H12Cl6), one dehydrochlorination product (C10H10Cl6) and two
products having the molecular formula C10H11Cl5 (Khalifa et al., 1976). The reported
dissipation rate of toxaphene from soil is 0.010/day (Seiber et al., 1979).
Photolytic. Dehydrochlorination will occur after prolonged exposure to sunlight releas-
ing hydrochloric acid (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 1989). Two
compounds isolated from toxaphene, 2-exo,3-exo,5,5,6-endo,8,9,10,10-nonachlor
Chemical/Physical. Saleh and Casida (1978) demonstrated that Toxicant B (2,2,5-
endo,6-exo,8,9,10-heptachlorobornane), the most active component of toxaphene, under-
went reductive dechlorination at the geminal dichloro position yielding 2-endo,
Toxaphene will slowly undergo hydrolysis resulting in the loss of chlorine atoms and
the formation of hydrochloric acid (Kollig, 1993). The hydrolysis rate constant for tox-
aphene at pH 7 and 25°C was determined to be 8 × 10–6/hour, resulting in a half-life of
9.9 years (Ellington et al., 1987).
Emits toxic chloride fumes when heated to decomposition (Lewis, 1990). | [Toxicity evaluation]
The neuroexcitatory properties of toxaphene are due to its
ability to reduce chloride uptake into neurons, leading to
depolarization of the cells and hyperactivity. It is believed that
toxaphene acts on the picrotoxin-binding site on the gammaaminobutyric
acid (GABA)A receptor. Toxaphene may also
impair calcium transport which will interfere with numerous
neuronal pathways and function. |
| Safety Data | Back Directory | [Hazard Codes ]
T,N,Xn,F,Xi | [Risk Statements ]
21-25-37/38-40-50/53-67-65-38-11-36/37/38-39/23/24/25-23/24/25-51/53 | [Safety Statements ]
36/37-45-60-61-62-33-16-36-26 | [RIDADR ]
2761 | [WGK Germany ]
3 | [RTECS ]
XW5250000 | [HazardClass ]
6.1(b) | [PackingGroup ]
III | [Safety Profile]
Confirmed carcinogen
with experimental carcinogenic and
tumorigenic data. Human poison by
ingestion and possibly other routes.
Experimental poison by ingestion,
intraperitoneal, and possibly other routes.
Moderately toxic experimentally by
inhalation and skin contact. Human systemic
effects by ingestion and skin contact:
somnolence, convulsions or effect on
seizure threshold, coma, and allergic skin
dermatitis. A skin irritant; absorbed through
the skin. Experimental teratogenic and
reproductive effects. Human mutation data
reported. Liver injury has been reported.
Lethal amounts of toxaphene can enter the
body through the mouth, lungs, and skin.
Systemic absorption of the insecticide is
increased by the presence of lgestible oils,
and liquid preparations of the insecticide,
which penetrate the skin more readily than
do dusts and wettable powders.A toxic mixture of organochlorine
pesticides stored to some extent in body fat.
It resembles chlordane and, to some extent,
camphor in its physiological action. It causes
diffuse stimulation of the brain and spinal
cord resulting in generahzed convulsions of
a tonic or clonic character. Death usually
results from respiratory failure.
Detoxification appears to occur in the liver.
The lethal ingestion dose for humans is
estimated to be 2-7 g, a toxicity of about
four times that of DDT. At least seven
human deaths have been reported due to
toxaphene, all in chddren. Two families have
been made ill by eating vegetables
containing a large residue of toxaphene.
When heated to decomposition it emits
toxic fumes of Cl-. | [Hazardous Substances Data]
8001-35-2(Hazardous Substances Data) | [Toxicity]
LD50 in male, female rats (mg/kg): 90, 80 orally; 1075, 780 dermally (Gaines) | [IDLA]
200 mg/m3 |
|